Transcript A_CHAPTER262015version

Cold War Conflicts
The Cold War and
the danger of
nuclear war define
international
affairs, especially
after the Korean
War. Fear of
communism in the
U.S. leads to
accusations
against innocent
citizens.
British prime minister Winston Churchill, U.S.
president Harry S. Truman, and Soviet premier and
supreme commander Joseph Stalin pose during
their meeting at the Potsdam Conference in Germany
(July 1945).
NEXT
Cold War Conflicts
SECTION 1
Origins of the Cold War
SECTION 2
The Cold War Heats Up
SECTION 3
The Cold War at Home
SECTION 4
Two Nations Live on the Edge
NEXT
Section 1
Origins of the Cold War
The United States and the Soviet Union emerge
from World War II as two “superpowers” with vastly
different political and economic systems.
Essay Pre Test Assessment….
“Analyze how Communism impacted the USA
Post World War II.?” when done you attempt:
2. Preview notes by summarizing each slide in
section one in one sentence… Or a clever
headline!
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Communism: Definition:
• A Theory or system of social
organization based on the holding of
all property in common, actual
ownership being ascribed to the
community as a whole or to the state.
• 2. A system of social organization in
which all economic and social
activity is controlled by a totalitarian
state dominated by a single and selfperpetuating political party.
List 4 to 6 clever details:
Details? Sims diffs between 3?
SECTION
1
Origins of the Cold War
Former Allies Clash
U.S.-Soviet Relations
• U.S., U.S.S.R. have very different economic,
political systems
• U.S. suspicious of Stalin because he had been
Hitler’s ally
• Stalin resents that U.S. delayed attacking
Germany and hid atom bomb
The United Nations
• 1945, United Nations established as new
peacekeeping body
• UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued Former
Allies Clash
Truman Becomes President
• Harry S. Truman succeeds FDR as president
• As vice-president, Truman was not included in
policy decisions LACKS EXPERIENCE
- was not told about atom bomb
The Potsdam Conference
• July 1945 conference with U.S., Great Britain,
Soviet Union
• Stalin does not allow free, multiparty elections
in Poland
- bans democratic parties
(THIS IS the FIRST SERIOUS disagreement
between Stalin and the West)
NEXT
SECTION
1
Tension Mounts
Bargaining at Potsdam
• Truman becomes convinced that U.S., Soviet aims
deeply at odds
• Soviets want reparations from Germany;
Truman objects
• Agree to take reparations mainly from own
occupation zones
• U.S. emerges from war as great economic power
- wants Eastern European raw materials, markets
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued
Tension Mounts
Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe
• Soviet Union also has great economic, military
strength
• Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy
devastation on own soil
• Installs communist rule in satellite nations,
countries it dominates
• 1946, Stalin announces war between communism,
capitalism inevitable
United States Establishes a Policy of
Containment
Interactive
• U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent
spread of communism
• Churchill describes division of Europe as iron curtain
NEXT
Satellite Nations:
SECTION
1
Cold War in Europe
The Truman Doctrine
• 1945–1991 Cold War—conflict between U.S.,
U.S.S.R. WAR OF IDEAS between Capitalism n
Communism .
- neither nation directly confronts the other on
battlefield
• Truman Doctrine—Policy of USA to support
Democracies against armed minorities, outsiders
• U.S. replaces British aid to Greece, Turkey;
reduce communist threat
The Marshall Plan
Image
• 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes
aid to nations in need
• Marshall Plan revives 16 EUROPEAN nations;
Communist parties less appealing because
people have jobs!
NEXT
SECTION
1
Superpowers Struggle over Germany
The Berlin Airlift
• 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into
West Berlin
• Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies
into West Berlin (Note: West Berlin located in
HEART of communist East germany!!!)
• 1949, Stalin lifts blockade
• Federal Republic of Germany, German
Democratic Republic form
Map
The NATO Alliance
• Fear of Soviets leads to North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
• European nations, U.S., Canada pledge mutual
military support
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1. Cold War VLA review with die
roll:
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=PHwIkOv6Rc4
2. Truman Bio or Candy bomber
vla with die roll:
2.Now in groups of three or two
(however many are at your half
table) and on a piece of lined paper
write down 3 questions you can
AGREE will be a question the
teacher will ask from this section.
Warm-up:
Sec 1 Review Study you notes
5 minutes! Be prepared for 5
questions on KEY terms or
events from section 1.
Warm-up 2: Berlin Airlift
VLA clip….
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=Y4nnmUlzCk8
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=2d7eOF8-4gw
Section 2
The Cold War Heats Up
After World War II, China becomes a communist
nation and Korea is split into a communist north
and a democratic south.
China and Mao vla intro:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7nbwFxGRU
NEXT
Photo Analysis:
• Prediction: Guess which Korea invades the
other? Communist ruled North Korea or
democratic run South Korea?
• Survey your group…
SECTION
2
The Cold War Heats Up
China Becomes a Communist Country
Nationalists Versus Communists
• Chinese Communists battle nationalist
government of Chiang Kai-shek
• U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is
inefficient, corrupt
• Communists, led by Mao Zedong, work to get
peasant support gives them food, land,
• Peasants flock to Red Army; by 1945,
communists control north China
Image
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued
China Becomes a Communist Country
Renewed Civil War
• 1944–47, U.S. sends military aid to Nationalists to
oppose communism
• 1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan
• Communists establish People’s Republic of China
in mainland
• U.S. does not recognize Communist Chinese
government
America Reacts to Communist Takeover
• U.S. public stunned by Communist takeover
• Conservatives blame Truman for not sending
enough aid
NEXT
SECTION
2
The Korean War
A Divided Country
• 38th parallel (38º N latitude) divides Japanese
surrender in Korea
• North of 38th parallel surrenders to U.S.S.R.;
south to U.S.
• Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea founded
North Korea Attacks South Korea
Interactive
• 1950, North Korea invades South, begins
Korean War
• South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion;
Security Council approves
• MacArthur put in command of South Korean,
U.S., other forces
NEXT
SECTION
2
The United States Fights in Korea
MacArthur’s Counterattack
• North Korea drives south, captures Seoul
• UN, South Korean troops forced into small
defensive zone
• MacArthur attacks North Koreans from 2 sides,
pushes into north
The Chinese Fight Back
• China sends troops to help North Korea; push
south, capture Seoul
• Fighting continues for 2 more years
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued
The United States Fights in Korea
MacArthur Recommends Attacking China
• MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman
rejects request
• Soviet Union, China have mutual assistance pact
• UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north to
38th parallel
MacArthur Versus Truman
• MacArthur continues to push for invasion (and use
of NUKES) of China; Truman fires him
• Public outraged over hero’s dismissal
• Congressional committee investigation concludes
Truman right
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued
The United States Fights in Korea
Settling for Stalemate
• 1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire
• 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; demilitarized
zone established
• Lack of success, high human, financial costs help
elect Eisenhower
NEXT
Communism at Night in
North Korea!!
VLA: Wrap Up: Korean War:
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=-X7nbwFxGRU
From this section create a
WAR web!! (TM Haldeman
2012) of the major events and
people connected to the WAR
in Korea. Work in groups of 2
to 3 and be sure all are
contributing. Webs with 8 or
more details equals 100s….
Section 3
The Cold War at Home
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of
communism leads to reckless charges against
innocent citizens.
NEXT
Photo ID #1
Photo Analysis 2
Photo ID #3
Picture ID #3
SECTION
3
The Cold War at Home
Fear of Communist Influence
American Sentiments
• Communist takeover of Eastern Europe, China
fuel fear of its spread
• 100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some fear may
be loyal to U.S.S.R.
Loyalty Review Board
• Truman accused of being soft on Communism
• Sets up Federal Employee Loyalty Program to
investigate employees
• 1947–1951 loyalty boards investigate 3.2 million,
dismiss 212
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
3
continued
Fear of Communist Influence
The House Un-American Activities
Committee
• House Un-American Activities Committee
investigates Communist ties
• Investigates Communist influence in movie
industry
• Hollywood Ten refuse to testify, sent to prison
• Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties,
cannot get work
The McCarran Act
• Act—unlawful to plan action that might lead to
totalitarianism
• Truman vetoes, says violates free thought;
Congress overrides veto
NEXT
http://bpeoples.upsd.wikispaces.net/Truman+and+Eisenhower
SECTION
3
Spy Cases Stun the Nation
Alger Hiss
Image
• Alger Hiss accused of spying for Soviet Union;
convicted of perjury
• Congressman Richard Nixon gains fame for
pursuing charges
The Rosenbergs
• 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb sooner than
expected
• Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving information
about U.S. bomb
• Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party
activists, implicate
• Rosenbergs sentenced to death; Supreme Court
upholds conviction
NEXT
SECTION
3
McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt”
McCarthy’s Tactics
• Senator Joseph McCarthy a strong antiCommunist activist
• Ineffective legislator; needs issue to win reelection
• McCarthyism—attacking suspected Communists
without evidence
• McCarthy claims Communists in State Department
• Few Republicans speak out; think he has winning
strategy for 1952
Continued . . .
NEXT
Survey your group: If you all
knew someone was cheating
on every history test by using
their phone to look up answers
would anyone in your group
report them to the teacher?
Why or why not?
SECTION
3
continued
McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt”
McCarthy’s Downfall
Image
• 1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army
• Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses
• Loses public support; Senate condemns him for
improper conduct
Other Anti-Communist Measures
• States, towns forbid speech favoring violent
overthrow of government
• Millions forced to take loyalty oaths, are investigated
• People become afraid to speak out on public issues
NEXT
VLA review Red Scare!:
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=1sgom1snPaQ
Wrap Up:
Top Ten FACts to know lists
from this section…collaborate
in groups…
Section 4
Two Nations Live on
the Edge
During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet
Union come to the brink of nuclear war.
NEXT
Photo Analysis 1
Photo Analysis #2
SECTION
4
Two Nations Live on the Edge
Brinkmanship Rules U.S. Policy
Race for the H-Bomb :ADD After Soviets
explode their first atomic bomb we race
to develop a stronger weapon….
• H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear weapon
more powerful than atom bomb
• 1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953, Soviets
explode one
The Policy of Brinkmanship
• John Foster Dulles, secretary of state under
Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Dulles proposes brinkmanship policy:
- willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread
of communism
• Nuclear threat unlike any before: millions can die;
nation prepares
NEXT
Similarities & Differences?
modern:
1950s Bomb Shelter
How about some training on
how to “survive” a nuclear
detonation! : Duck and Cover
VLA with 4 details!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60
SECTION
4
The Cold War Spreads Around the World
Covert Actions in the Middle East and Latin
America
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies
to gather information
• CIA helps oust Iranian prime minister, reinstate Shah
• CIA helps depose Guatemala’s president; army
leader becomes dictator
The Warsaw Pact
Map
• U.S.-Soviet relations thaw after Stalin’s death
in 1953
• West Germany’s entry into NATO scares Soviets
• Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with
7 Eastern European countries
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
4
continued
The Cold War Spreads Around the World
A Summit in Geneva
• Eisenhower meets Soviets in Geneva, proposes
“open skies” policy
• Soviets reject proposal; “spirit of Geneva” seen as
step to peace
The Suez War
• Gamal Abdel-Nasser plays U.S. against Soviets
over Aswan Dam
• Dulles withdraws loan offer; Nasser nationalizes
Suez Canal
• Israel, Britain, France send troops; UN intervenes
• Fighting stops; Egypt keeps canal; others withdraw
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
4
continued
The Cold War Spreads Around the World
The Eisenhower Doctrine
• Soviet prestige in Middle East rises because of
support for Egypt
• Eisenhower Doctrine—U.S. will defend Middle
East against communists
The Hungarian Uprising
Image
• 1956, Hungarians revolt, call for democratic
government
• Imre Nagy, Communist leader, forms government,
promises elections
• Soviet army fights Hungarians in streets;
overthrow Nagy
• U.S. does not help Soviet satellite; Soviets veto
action by UN
NEXT
SECTION
4
The Cold War Takes to the Skies
A New Soviet Leader
• Nikita Khrushchev emerges as new Soviet
leader; favors:
- peaceful coexistence and economic, scientific
competition
The Space Race
Chart
• October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first
artificial satellite
• Shocked Americans pour money into own space
program
Continued . . .
NEXT
First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
In office
September 14, 1953 – October 14, 1964
SECTION
4
continued
The Cold War Takes to the Skies
A U-2 Is Shot Down
• CIA makes secret high-altitude flights with U-2
to spy on Soviets
• Eisenhower wants flights discontinued before
Krushchev summit
• Francis Gary Powers shot down on last flight
over Soviet territory
Renewed Confrontation
• Eisenhower first denies, then concedes U-2
was spying
• Agrees to stop flights, refuses to apologize as
Khrushchev demands
• U-2 incident renews tension between
superpowers; summit cancelled
NEXT
Wrap UP: Use your notes to
Predict 10 fill in blank
questions that will be on a
cold war Assessment..
Be sure to include the
answers/ make 2 super hard to
ask the teacher! 
VLA Review:
U2 incident:
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=vc50FsXib48
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