Transcript File - Mr. Bowers Classroom

Unit 8: Cold War
Cold War period after WW IIlasted from 1945-1991(a war
of words not weapons)
Post war
The United States and Great Britain had
been allies of the USSR for one reason-to
defeat Adolf Hitler.
 The two powers never trusted Stalin, they
had not even told him about the atomic
bomb.
 Stalin wanted the whole world to turn
communists.

Iron Curtain


Symbolic line that
divided democratic
Western Europe and
Communistic Eastern
Europe coined the
term by Winston
Churchill
Cold War Terms and Definitions:
United States:
Soviet Union:
Capitalism:
 Private ownership of
industry
 Freedom of competition
 Survival of the fittest
 Laissez-faire: government
keeps “hands off”
 Creates different
economic classes
Socialism:
 Government ownership of
industry
 Created as a reaction to
Capitalism
 Goal is to bring economic
equality to people
 Classless society
Satellites Nations
United Nations

Building a new
world; peace
keeping
organization.
Harry S. Truman




33rd President of the
United States.
Did not go to college.
“The buck stops here”
“If you can’t take the
heat get out of the
kitchen”
Truman Doctrine-1948

This document states that the United
States would come to the aid of any nation
that would fight communism.
 Informal

declaration of war with Soviet Union
Containment-The US will not allow the
spread of communism but not interfere in
countries that are already communist.
Containment:
and Turkey
st
1
used in Greece

“In February 1947, the British government announced that it could
no longer afford to finance the Greek monarchical military regime in
its civil war against communist-led insurgents. The American
government's response to this announcement was the adoption of
"containment",[57] the goal of which was to stop the spread of
communism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_war
The Marshall Plan 1948



This plan was to
rebuild (aid) Europe.
The United States
would give the money
in order to stop the
Communist takeover.
$12-15 Billion
George Marshall

Marshall is the only
General to receive the
Nobel Prize for his
work on rebuilding
Europe.

First Secretary of the
State
Berlin Airlift

A time when United States had to airlift
supplies into Berlin when Stalin closed the
only road out of Berlin.
Germany was divided into two parts:
German Federated Republic (West Germany)
German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
N.A.T.O



North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Founded by: Dean
Acheson
Mutual defense pact
of democratic nations.
Warsaw Pact


Communist response
to NATO
Mutual pact defense
of Eastern
Communist nations.
Election of 1948

Harry S. Truman –Democrat
 Fair
Deal was Truman campaign promise

Thomas Dewey –Republican

Dixiecrats- southern states ( white males)
 Strom
Thurmond
Taft-Hartley Act
This bill was passed because of strikes
 Limited labor unions
 This bill outlawed closed shops.
 60 days “cooling off period”
 President can issue an injunction ( court
order to get back to work)

 Harry
S. Truman vetoed the bill: "conflict with
important principles of our democratic
society…"
Mao Zedong





Led the Communist in
China.
Took control in 1949
Red Army of million
peasants.
United States refused
to recognized China
for 30 years
People’s Republic of
China
Chiang Kai-Shek



Chiang Kai Shek
head of the
Nationalists in China
before WW II
Lost his bid to rule
China.
Lived in exile in
Taiwan
Korean War 1950-1953
North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950.
 Kim II Sung head of the Communist
government in North Korea.
 38 parallel line that separates North and
South Korea.
 Security Council of the UN voted a
resolution that condemned North Korea.

Korea


North KoreaKim II Sung


South Korea
Syngman Rhee
leader of South Korea
Douglas Macarthur


General Douglas
Macarthur was put in
charge of the Korean
War.
He led the United
Nations forces.
General Macarthur wanted to use
the atomic bomb on China

“ will involve us in the wrong war, at the
wrong time, at the wrong place, and with
the wrong enemy” Omar Bradley
“I fired him because he wouldn’t respect
the authority of the President” Harry S.
Truman
 “Old soldiers never die, they just fade
away” Macarthur

New Weapons





Helicopters for
Medivac
M.A.S.H. Mobile Army
Surgical Hospitals
(M.A.S.H.)
Jets
Brainwashing
Napalm
Lessons of Korean War
United Nations worked. It stopped North
Korea.
 No nukes were used
 Stalemate

McCarthyism
A period of accusing
others of being
communists.
 Red Scare – wanted to
limit all “Communist”
activities
 House of Un-American
Activities Committee
(HUAC)

Spies among us


Ethel and Julius
Rosenberg- people
who supposedly sent
plans for the atomic
bomb to USSR
They were convicted
and electrocuted.
New Agencies in US

CIA- spy organization; foreign intelligence

National Security Council- advises the
President on issues of National security

Sputnik
First man-made Satellite by the Soviets
 Launched
in 1957
 Orbited Earth every 98 minutes
 Size of a basketball
 U.S. reformed education and created NASA