Transcript Three reasons for Imperialism

AHSGE Chapter 8
World War I and the 1920s
Imperialism
– a policy by which
one country takes control of
another land or country.
At
the turn of the century,
a growing number of people
believed the United States
should acquire overseas colonies to maintain
a strong economy.

1.
Three reasons for Imperialism
People of U.S. felt they needed
an additional source of raw
materials.
2. Business leaders wanted an additional
market for their surplus of manufactured
goods.
3. Politicians wanted to gain territory to
maintain a global balance of power.
EXAMPLES OF IMPERIALISM
Imperialism in Africa to the eve of
World War I.
Imperialism and the United States


1850s - Business leaders from the U.S.
invested in sugar plantations in the Hawaiian
Islands. In time, these owners gained
economic control over the island.
1893 - Wealthy white plantation
owners rebelled against Queen Liliuokalani.
With the help of U.S. troops the
plantation owners deposed the
queen. In 1898, Hawaii became
a territory of the U.S.



1890s – Spanish government in Cuba violated
its citizens’ human rights.
Two competing newspapers printed
sensational stories surrounding the abuses in
Cuba. U.S. citizens sympathized with the
Cubans and were against Spain.
Yellow journalism – sensational
writing with a disregard for the truth.



On Feb. 15, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded
while anchored in a Cuban harbor.
U.S. newspapers blamed Spain.
On April 25, 1898, Congress declared
war on Spain.


Spanish-American War – McKinley was
president. Fought on two fronts, the
Caribbean and the Philippines.
Rough Riders – a group of volunteers led by
Theodore Roosevelt who helped the U.S.
troops liberate Cuba from Spanish control.
Roosevelt became famous for his role in the
war including his bold charge of San Juan
Hill.



Open Door Policy – U.S. Secretary of State John
Hay promoted an agreement that kept China
open to trade for all nations.
Panama Canal – During President Theodore
Roosevelt’s term in office a canal was
built across the Isthmus of Panama.
This canal would ensure that the U.S.
would have easy access to the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans for commerce and defense.
William C. Gorgas – realized that by
sanitizing and draining areas of standing water in
the Canal Zone he could get rid of malaria and
yellow fever.

Roosevelt’s Corollary – President Roosevelt’s
addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It said
the United States had the right to intervene
if a nation in the Western Hemisphere had
trouble paying back its foreign creditors.
The United States would intervene only to
prevent European powers from colonizing the
newly freed nations again. This lead to
increased U.S. involvement in the Caribbean
and Latin America.
Long Term Causes of World War I
1. Nationalism – the belief in national unity and
some times racial supremacy. Nations were
beginning to believe their nation was much
better than others.

Social Darwinism – The belief that
only the strongest people are meant
to rule.
2. Imperialism – European countries searched
for colonies during the 19th century.
Competitions for colonies increased tensions
between countries in Europe.
3. Military Expansion – Europeans nations
maintained large standing armies during
peace time. War was possible at a moment’s
notice.
4. Alliances – agreements
between nations for mutual
protection.


Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary
and Italy. (GA-HI)
Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia and
eventually the United States. (BUFR)
1914 MAP OF EUROPE
Start of World War I
Archduke Francis Ferdinand – heir to throne of
Austria-Hungary. Assassinated by Serbian
nationalists. Alliances
then began to support
each other and war was
declared.
Battle Tactics in New Innovations


Trench warfare – battle tactic where
trenches were built
with a no man’s land
in between filled with
barbed wire and
land mines.
Machine guns – fired bullets
in rabid succession.


Poison gas - first used by the Germans, the
poison mustard gas would kill or wound
soldiers instantly by breaking down a
soldiers’ internal organs when they
inhaled the fumes.
Airplane – At the beginning of the war
airplanes were used for scouting and
reconnaissance. By the end, countries had
equipped airplanes with intermittent machine
guns. The pilots of
these planes were
called Aces.
Causes of the United States
Involvement in World War I
1. Sinking of the Lusitania – British
passenger ship sunk by a German Uboat. 1200 people died including 128
Americans. Lusitania had been secretly
carrying weapons and ammunition to
support the Triple Entente.
2. Zimmerman Telegraph – U.S. intercepted
a secret telegram between the German
foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman
and his official in Mexico. It stated that
if U.S. declared war on Germany then the
Mexican government should attack the
U.S. In exchange , Germany would help
Mexico win back the land the U.S. gained
in the Mexican-American War.
3. German Aggression at Sea – In 1917,
Germany began sinking U.S. merchant ships in
the Atlantic, using submarines called
u-boats.
4. The Russian Revolution – March, 1917,
revolutionaries in Russia overthrew the
monarchy. A temporary democratic assembly
was set up. With a democratic government in
Russia, the U.S. felt it would have a united
front in Europe.
Consequences of the War
Political



Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman
Empire gave up parts of their land.
Austro-Hungarian Empire broken up and made
into several countries.
Draft – all men in the United States between
the ages of 21 and 30 were required by law to
register for the draft.
Economic





Treaty of Versailles – ended WWI.
Germans reluctantly agreed that the war was
entirely their fault.
Germany had to pay war reparations (costs
to the victorious nations for its part in
starting the war).
Germany had to substantially decrease its
military.
Germany lost all of its overseas colonies and
part of its land in Europe.
Social


War reparations Germany was forced to
pay were considered a humiliation to
the German people.
Adolph Hitler used this bitterness to
help him become
dictator of Germany.
Post World War I Era – The League of Nations



League of Nations – promoted by President
Woodrow Wilson to insure that there would never be
another world war. It was to be used as a way to
foster understanding and discourage aggressions
against other countries.
It failed in part because Congress would not agree to
the U.S. joining.
Isolationism – policy of the U.S. where the people
felt it best to stay out of international conflicts and
events.
Post World War I Culture The Roaring 20’s
Prominent Writers and Movements in the
United States

F. Scott Fitzgerald – Writer and novelist
who wrote about the high society life of the
1920’s and mirrored his own life with his wife
Zelda Fitzgerald. Wrote The Great Gatsby.



Ernest Hemingway – One of the most
influential writers of the 20th century.
Used simple language and realistic
details in his writing. Most famous works
include The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to
Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls The Old
Man and the Sea.
Harlem Renaissance – Began in Harlem, New
York in the 1920’s. It was an increase in black
racial pride and awareness.
Black painters, dancers,
and musicians produced
wonderful works of art.


Jazz and Blues – New musical forms
of expression introduced during the
Harlem Renaissance.
Langton Hughes – African American author of
the Harlem Renaissance. Wrote plays, poems
and short stories about the black experience
in the United States.
Zora Neale Hurston –
Wrote Their Eyes Were
Watching God.



Louis Armstrong – an extremely
talented black jazz trumpet player.
W.C. Handey – Alabama native who
composed and popularized many
Blues songs.
Social Activists

Margaret Sanger – advocated contraception.
Distributed a magazine attacking the
Comstock Law (law prohibiting the
distribution of information related to birth
control, pornography and sexually transmitted
diseases).
New Inventions



Automobiles allowed people
to travel long distances for
work or for pleasure.
Home appliances such as vacuum cleaners,
mixers, and washing machines freed up more
time for women working at home.
These inventions allowed for an
increase in leisure time and
leisure activities.
The “Red Scare”


Began when the Communist Bolsheviks
came to power in Russia in
December 1917.
Anarchists – people who do not
believe in any form of government.

When Anarchists tried to assassinated John D.
Rockefeller and Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
hysteria broke out throughout the U.S. known as The
Red Scare. The government began arresting and
jailing thousands of radicals, (including some-foreign
born) without any evidence of conspiracy. Suspicion of
foreigners began to increase in the U.S.
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial



Two Italian immigrants (Nicola Sacco and
Bartolommeo Vanzetti) were accused of
robbery and murder in Massachusetts.
They were atheists
(people who have no
belief in God).
Convicted and executed
mainly due to the pretrial
prejudice against them.
Immigration Laws of the 1920’s


Nativists – people who were afraid of
foreigners entering the United States.
Emergency Quota Act –
Act set up a quota system
favoring Northern Europe
for immigration.
Prohibition




18th amendment – Prohibition.
Many people did not like this amendment and
ignored it.
This led to bootleggers (people who illegally
smuggled alcohol) and speakeasies ( hidden bars
to drink and dance).
21st amendment – repealed the
18th amendment.