Transcript Imperialism - Kenston Local Schools

The Age of Imperialism,
1850–1914
Imperialism
Imperialism
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Ambition of a powerful nation to
dominate the political, economic, and
cultural affairs of another nation or
region
Seizure of a weaker country by a
stronger one
Goal of Imperialism
Trade/Trade Routes
Power
Religion
Market
For
Goods
Colonies
Imperialism
Expand
Empire
Natural Resources
Wealth
Gold, Silver, Money
Problems Discourage
Exploration
Armies, rivers, disease discourage
exploration
Nations Compete for Overseas
Empires
Missionaries, explorers,
humanitarians reach interior of
Africa
Belief in European Superiority
 Race for colonies grows out of national
pride
 Racism —belief that one race is better
than others
 Social Darwinism —survival of the fittest
applied to human society
Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa
Technological
inventions like steam
engine, Machine
gun help conquest
 Perfection of quinine
protects Europeans
from malaria
 Within Africa, Africans
are divided by
language and culture
The Lure of Wealth
 Discovery of gold and
diamonds increases
interest in colonization
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Berlin Conference Divides Africa
Berlin Conference —14 nations agree on
rules for division (1884–85):
• countries must claim land and prove ability to
control it
By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free
of European control
Demand for Raw Materials Shapes
Colonies
 Raw materials are greatest source of
wealth in Africa
 Businesses develop cash-crop plantations
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The Boer War
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Boer War between
British, Boers
begins in 1899
Boers are Dutch
settlers
British win; Boer
republics united in
Union of South
Africa (1910)
A New Period of Imperialism
Extending Influence
Europeans want to control all aspects
of their colonies:
 influence political, social lives of
people
 shape economies to benefit Europe
 want people to adopt European
customs
Form
Definition
Example
Colony
A country is
governed by an
outside power
Britain will colonize
13 Original
Colonies (U.S)
Protectorate
A country has its
own government
but it is still under
outside control
Britain established
a protectorate over
the Niger River
delta.
United States &
Cuba
Sphere of
Influence
An outside power
controls the
investment and
trade of the
country
The United States
established a
sphere of influence
over Liberia.
China (Open Door
Policy)
Economic
Imperialism
A country is
controlled by
private business
The Dole Fruit
Company took
control of Hawaii.
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
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Local Government
officials used
Limited self-rule
Goal: to develop
future leaders
Government
institutions are based
on European styles
but may have local
rules
Direct Control
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Foreign officials are
brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation
(change the culture to
that of the ruling
country)
Governments are based
on only European styles
Paternalism —
Europeans provide for
local people, but grant no
rights (Parent)
African Resistance

Broad resistance to
imperialism, but
Europeans have
superior weapons
The Legacy of Colonial Rule
Negative Effects
 Africans lose land
and independence,
many lose lives
 Traditional cultures
break down
 Division of Africa
creates problems
that continue
today
Positive Effects
 Colonialism
reduces local
fighting
 Sanitation
improves; hospitals
and schools
created
 Technology brings
economic growth
The Suez Canal
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Egypt & the French
build the Suez
Canal—human-made
waterway
connects Red Sea to
Mediterranean
Modernization efforts
create huge debt
British oversee
financial control of
canal, occupy Egypt in
1882
British left in 1956
British Imperialism in India
East India Company
Dominates
 British East India Company
rules India until 1850s
 Company has its own army led
by British officers
Britain’s “Jewel in the
Crown”
 India is Britain’s most valuable
colony, “jewel in the crown”
 Forced to produce raw
materials for British
manufacturing
 Also forced to buy British
goods
Impact of Colonialism
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British hold much of
political and economic
power
Cash crops result in
loss of self-sufficiency,
famine
Indian life disrupted
by missionaries and
racist attitudes
British modernize
India’s economy,
improve public
health
European Powers Invade the
Pacific Rim
Hawaii Becomes a Republic
-U.S. business leaders want
annexation—adding territory to
country
Hawaii Becomes a Republic
-Queen Liliuokalani removed
from power in 1893
-Sanford B. Dole was named
President (1894)
-U.S. annexes Republic of Hawaii
(1898)
-Became a state in 1959
Desire for Self-Sufficiency
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Industrial Revolution
increased the demand
for sources of power, raw
materials, rose standard
of living, and demand for
products
Industrialized nations did
not want to be at the
mercy of others, so they
tried to gain control of
the sources of the raw
materials they needed
Imperial China Collapses
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China was ruled by Emperors,
each heading a Dynasty.
They were self-sufficient,
needing nothing from the
outside world.
Unwilling to trade with
outsiders, English traders
found the one item China did
not have: Opium.
Addicted to this narcotic, China
was forced to open their doors
to outsiders.
Opium War
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A conflict between
Britain & China,
lasting from 18391842, over Britain’s
Opium trade in China
China lost (Treaty of
Nanjing)
Treaty gives Britain
Hong Kong
Hong Kong gets
independence in 1997
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Open Door Policypolicy proposed by
the United States in
1899, under which
all nations would
have equal
opportunities to
trade in China
Boxer Rebellion- a
1900 revolt in China,
aimed at ending
foreign influence in
the country
Spanish-American War
1898
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President William
McKinley
USS Maine explodes
on Feb.15, 1898
-killing 267 Americans,
Assume Spanish did it
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“Remember the
Maine”
U.S. invades Cuba
Spanish-American War Continued
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Teddy Roosevelt
Rough Riders
Treaty of Paris
1898
(Signed in Paris
October 1, 1898)
Ended
Spanish/America
War (U.S. &
Spain)
New Territories for
United States
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Philippines (bought for $20 million)
Guam
Puerto Rico-Commonwealth
Cuba was to be independent
Panama Canal
THE PANAMA CANAL
Cost- $380 million
Workers– Over 40,000
(5,600 died)
Time – Construction
took 10 years
Panama Canal
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U.S. wanted a quick way to get from
Atlantic to Pacific Ocean
Asked Colombia for permission to build
canal (said No)
Panama along with U.S. aid proclaimed a
revolution to gain independence for
Panama from Colombia and succeeded in
1903
Panama gave U.S. all rights to build canal
One of greatest engineering achievements
opened in 1914
U.S. controlled it until 1999
This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line
(canal) cutting across the middle of Panama
Monroe Doctrine
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Monroe Doctrine U.S. policy of
opposition to European interference
in Latin America, announced by
President James Monroe in 1823
Wanted to keep Europeans out of
Western Hemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary
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President Theodore Roosevelt’s 1904
extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which
he declared that the United States had the
right to exercise “police power” throughout
the Western Hemisphere
Said if any situation threatened the
independence of any country in the Western
Hemisphere the U.S. would act as an
international Police Power to prevent a
foreign country from intervening
Latin Americans were enraged at the
thought that they could not handle their
own affairs
Roosevelt Corollary
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Roosevelt Corollary -U.S.
can be police power in the
Americas
U.S. uses corollary to
justify repeated military
interventions
Natural consequence of
Monroe Doctrine
Guarantee that Latin
American nations would
meet their international
obligations