Transcript lecture_text_chapter20

Chapter 20
The United States in
a World at War,
1913-1920
Inherited Commitments and New
Directions, 1913 to 1917
• Anti-Imperialism, Intervention, and
Arbitration
– Haiti
– Dominican Republic, 1916
– Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan
Inherited Commitments and New
Directions, 1913 to 1917
• Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
– Wilson’s expectations for a “constitutional
government”
– Presented a new moral dimension to US
diplomatic recognition
– Pancho Villa
The United States in a World at
War, 1914-1917
• The Great War in Europe
– Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
• American Neutrality
– Wilson’s hopes for peace unrealistic
• Neutral Rights and German U-Boats
– Lusitania
The United States in a World at
War, 1914-1917
• The Election of 1916
• The Decision for War
– Zimmerman telegram
– Wilson asked Congress for declaration
• April 2, 1917
The Home Front
• Mobilizing the Economy
– War Industries Board
– National War Labor Board
– U.S. Food Administration
• A crucial US contribution to the Allied victory
• Mobilizing Public Opinion
– Committee on Public Information (CPI)
The Home Front
• Civil Liberties in Time of War
– German Americans suffered the most
– Espionage and Sedition Acts
• The Great Migration and White Reactions
– Wartime racial conflicts
• Also erupted in North
Americans “Over There”
• Mobilizing for Battle
– Selective Service Act (1917)
• Americans “Over There”
– Maximize influence on peacemaking
Wilson and the Peace Conference
• Bolshevism, the Secret Treaties, and the
Fourteen Points
• The World in 1919
– Peace conference
– Civil War in Russia
Wilson and the Peace Conference
• Wilson at Versailles
– Big Four
– League of Nations
– War Guilt clause
• The Senate and the Treaty
– Senate split into 3 groups
– Wilson took his case to the people
– US did not join League
Wilson and the Peace Conference
• Legacies of the Great War
– Ultimately produced
• economic and
• political instability
• in much of Europe
America in the Aftermath of War,
November 1918 - November 1920
• HCL and Strikes
– Inflation
– Unions
• Red Scare
– Palmer Raids
America in the Aftermath of War,
November 1918 - November 1920
• Race Riots and Lynching
– Mobs in southern states lynched returning
soldiers still in uniform
– Ku Klux Klan became powerful again
America in the Aftermath of War,
November 1918 - November 1920
• Amending the Constitution: Prohibition and
Women’s Suffrage
– Anti-Saloon League
– 19th Amendment
• The Election of 1920
– Harding won a Republican landslide