Transcript Section 1 World War I Begins

Chapter 7
Section 3: World War I Ends
Delegates gathered in 1919 to sign the
treaty of Versailles
Key Terms
•
total war – channeling all of a nation’s resources
into a war effort
•
conscription – “the draft,” which required all
young men to be ready for military or other
service
•
contraband – during wartime, military supplies
and raw materials needed to make military
supplies that may legally be confiscated by
any belligerent
•
Lusitania – a British liner torpedoed and sunk by
a German submarine in May 1915
•
propaganda – spreading ideas to promote
or damage a cause
•
atrocity – a horrible act committed against
innocent people
•
armistice – an agreement to end fighting
•
Fourteen Points – U.S. President Woodrow
Wilson’s list of terms for resolving World
War I and future wars
•
self-determination – the right of people
to choose their own form of government
•
pandemic – a disease spread across a
large area, country, continent, or the entire
world
•
reparations – payments for war damage
•
radicals – people who want to make
extreme changes
•
collective security – a system in which a
group of nations acts as one to preserve the
peace of all
•
mandate – a territory administered by
Western powers
Governments Direct Total War
• By 1917, European societies were
cracking under the strain of war
• Casualties on the fronts and shortages
at home sapped morale
• All countries started conscription or
“the draft”
• Food was rationed, huge amounts of
money was borrowed , taxes raised
Blockades and Submarines
• Blockades were set up to cut off
supplies
• Germany vowed to sink all ships
carrying goods to Britain
• Lusitania hit
–Many Americans killed
–Supplies for Britain lost (allies)
-President Wilson was not happy
-Threatened Germany to cut off
relations
-U-boats would now give
warnings before firing
The Propaganda War
• The press was censored and
casualties were hidden
• Motion pictures, literature, and the
arts were censored
• Governments urged civilians to loan
money through propaganda
World War I Propaganda
Women and World War I
• Women played a critical role in war
effort
• Worked jobs and kept natural
economies going
• Nurses played a key role and
witnessed horrible situations
The Great War Ends
• American involvement was a turning point for
the Allies
•
Although relatively few American troops fought,
their arrival boosted Allied morale.
•
German generals told William II that the war
could not be won. He fled to the Netherlands.
•
Austria-Hungary collapsed. Bulgaria and the
Ottoman empire also asked for peace
The US enters the war
• The US and Allies were very close
• In 1917, the British intercepted the
Zimmerman note
• This note proved Germany was trying to
rally Mexico against the US
• In April of 1917, President Wilson asked
Congress to declare war on Germany
• The new German government sought
an armistice, and the Great War
officially ended on November 11,
1918 @ 11 am
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• Even before the war ended Wilson
outlined a plan for peace:
•
Freedom of the seas
•
Free trade
•
Arms reductions
•
An end to secret treaties
•
Self-determination for Eastern Europe
•
An association of nations to keep the peace (League of
Nations)
The Costs of World War I
Making Peace
• Before the war ended, President
Wilson decided to go in person to
Paris, where Allied leaders would try
to make peace.
–Wilson's idea of self-determination and
democracy seemed to be what
everyone wanted
Goals
• Big three had different ideas
– President Wilson 14 Points
– British Prime Minister George rebuild Britain $$
– French leader Clemenceau wanted to weaken
Germany so they can never be a threat again
Treaty of Versailles
-Forced
Germany to accept full responsibility for the war
-Imposed reparations of $30 billion
-Limited size of German army
-took land and overseas colonies from Germany
Effects of the Peace Settlements
• The Allies drew up separate treaties
with the other Central Powers
• These treaties redrew the map of
Eastern Europe and affected colonial
peoples around the globe
• Like the Treaty of Versailles, these
treaties left widespread dissatisfaction
League of Nations
Pro’s
• 40 nations joined
• Wanted to talk about
problems rather than go to
war
• Work together against
common enemies
– Collective security
Con’s
• US Senate and President
Wilson could not
compromise on US joining
• Lack of US involvement
weakened the league
• League had no power
outside it’s members and
could not prevent war