Transcript The Home Front - Vista Unified School District

The Home Front
reference Chapter 24
How did Americans on the home
front support or oppose the war?
Mobilization
• The Draft – 9 million
registered
– 3 million
– Volunteers – 2 million
• Increased production
– fuel, ships, weapons,
food
– governing boards
oversee the economy
• New government
agencies were formed
to organize the war
effort
WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD
Propaganda Campaigns
(important element of total war theory)
• CPI (Committee on
Public Information)
• George Creel
• “4-Minute Men”
Financing the War
• Increased the number
of people paying the
new income tax
– 437,000 in 1917
– 4.4 million in 1918
• Liberty Bond Drives
Bond = loan with interest
“The Great Migration”
See map page 309 of text
• Pull factor =Job opportunities in the factories of the North
• Push Factor = poverty, Jim Crow, lynching terrorism
Opposition to the War
• Many women
– Jeanette Rankin (1st
woman rep. in Congress)
• “You can no more win a war
than you can win an
earthquake.”
• Women’s Peace Party
• Quakers/Pacifists
• Socialists
• Opponents of big
business
Conscientious objectors
– “command of gold”
– profiteering
African-Americans react to the war
• WEB DuBois urges
blacks to enlist
• Wm. Henry Trotter
disgrees.
– “Why not make America
safe for democracy?”
The Suppression of Dissent
• Espionage Act 1917
• crime to interfere with the draft,
• “obstruct…the war effort”
– Schenck v. US (1919)
• Sedition Act 1918
• Restricts freedom of speech
– “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” of government
• Other restrictions on speech and action
– 2,000 prosecutions
• including Eugene Debs (10 years)
• Public persecution of Germans
Read Section 24.6
• With your partner, discuss:
• What is symbolic speech? What are some
examples?
• How is symbolic speech different from regular
speech?
• In your spiral, label 24.6 Should acts of
political speech be protected by the 1st
Amendment?
– Write a 1 paragraph response.
Outline 25.2
I.
Wilson’s Vision for World Peace
I.
Fourteen Points to End All Wars
I. Announced to Congress Jan. 1918
II. Make the world “fit and safe to live in”
III. Goal: eliminate the causes of war
a. end to secret agreements
b. freedom of the seas
c. reduce armaments and armies
IV. Goal: self-determination
a. ethnic groups within empires should determine gov.
V. Goal: collective security
a. protect independence and territorial integrity
b. League of Nations
II. Wilson’s Unusual Decisions
A. Wilson leads American delegation.
B. campaigns for Democrats to support his plan
1. Republicans win midterm elections
C. Wilson rejects Republicans for peace delegation
2. Republicans do not trust Wilson’s appointees.