Transcript Chapter 29 Power Pointx

Chapter 29: Wilsonian
Progressivism at Home and
Abroad
1912-1916
Mark Walker
Progressivism
• At the beginning of the 1900’s, the American people were
fixated on a new reform movement. The new
“progressives" sought to reform several issues in society
including the food industry, corruption, inefficiency, and
social injustice.
The “Bull Moose”
Campaign at Home
and Abroad
• For the election of 1912, the Democrats selected Woodrow Wilson as
their presidential candidate.
• Wilson went up against William Howard Taft from the Republican Party
and Theodore Roosevelt as a 3rd party candidate.
• Roosevelt's ideal of New Nationalism or Wilson's ideal of New clashed
at the election. Both of them favored a more active government role in
economic and social matters.
• Roosevelt's New Nationalism campaigned for stronger control of trusts,
woman suffrage, and programs of social welfare.
• Wilson's New Freedom favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and
of unregulated and unmonopolized markets. Democrats were opposed to
the social-welfare programs and wanted to break up trusts.
• Roosevelt was shot by a fanatic during campaigning, but he recovered.
Woodrow Wilson: A
Minority President
• The Republican votes were split between Taft and
Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson emerged with the
presidency.
• Roosevelt's Progressive Party died out shortly after due to
a lack of state and local officials.
Wilson: The Idealist
in Politics
• Wilson lacked people skills and was not great at reaching
out to the public
• He was known for being sincere and having a strong
sense of morals
• Wilson would become a stubborn negotiator due to his
idealist manner and strong morals
Wilson Tackles
the Tariff
• President Wilson went to war against "the triple wall of
privilege": the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
• In 1913, Wilson called a special meeting of Congress to
address the tariff. He convinced Congress to pass the
Underwood Tariff Bill, which significantly reduced the
tariff rates and reduced import fees.
• Congress also passed a graduated income tax.
Wilson Battles
the Bankers
• In 1913, President Wilson tried to persuade Congress to
reform the banking system.
• Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act shortly after.
The new Federal Reserve Board was created which
managed a system of 12 regional Federal Reserves. Each
reserve bank served as the central bank for its region.
• The Federal Reserve Board was granted large authority
and had a great deal of control over the public. The board
had the ability to issue paper money, Federal Reserve
Notes.
The President Tames
the Trusts
• In 1913, Wilson persuaded Congress to pass the Federal
Trade Commission Act of 1914. The law was designed to
crush monopolies and gave commission appointed by the
president the ability to oversee industries engaged in
interstate commerce.
• The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was passed and further
restricted business practices. It aimed to keep labor and
agriculture from being prosecuted. It also was helpful to
workers as it legalized strikes and peaceful protests.
Wilsonian Progressivism
at High Tide
• The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 was passed and made
loans available to farmers at low rates of interest.
• The Warehouse Act of 1916 allowed backs to give loans to
farmers on the security of staple crops.
• The La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915 benefited sailors by
giving them better treatment and better wages on American
ships.
• The Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916 gave assistance
to civil-service employees during periods of disability.
• The Adamson Act of 1916 created an 8-hour work day for all
employees on trains.
New Directions in
Foreign Policy
• President Wilson was against imperialism and was not
aggressive towards foreign matters.
• In 1914, Wilson persuaded Congress to repeal the Panama
Canal Tolls Act of 1912, which allowed American coastal
shipping exemption from tolls.
• In 1916, The Jones Act was passed which gave the Philippines
territorial status and their independence as soon as they had a
stable government.
• In 1915, After political turmoil broke out in Haiti, marines
were sent there to protect American lives and property. In
1916, a treaty with Haiti was negotiated which gave the United
States supervision of finances and the police.
• In 1917, Wilson purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
Moralistic Diplomacy
in Mexico
• In 1913, the Mexican revolution exploded when the president was
murdered and replaced by General Victoriano Huerta. Millions of
mmigrants fled to America to escape the revolution.
• Wilson refused to get involved with the war in Mexico at first, but
after several American sailors were accidentally captured by the
Mexicans. Wilson ordered the navy to seize the Mexican port of Vera
Cruz.
• Huerta stepped down as president and Venustiano Carranza took his
place. A rival to Carranza, Francisco Villa, tried to start a war
between the United States and Mexico by killing Americans. Wilson
ordered Villa's gang to be broken up, and American troops
completely left Mexico in 1917 as Germany became a possible
threat.
Thunder Across
the Sea
• In 1914,World War I began in Europe after the archduke of
Austria-Hungary was murdered by a Serbian assassin. AustriaHungary presented an ultimatum to Serbia to hand over the
assassins responsible. Serbia refused to budge and Germany
and Russia entered the conflict due to alliances with AustriaHungary and Serbia respectively. Russia began to mobilize its
army and France joined the war against Germany.
• Germany initiated the fighting by attacking France. The
Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and
Bulgaria. The Allies were France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and
Italy.
A Precarious
Neutrality
• President Wilson issued the neutrality proclamation at the
begging of World War I.
• Most Americans were against Germany from the outset of
the war due to the leader of Germany being portrayed as a
villainous person. But the majority of Americans were
against getting involved in the war.
America Earns Blood
Money
• American industry prospered from trading with the Allies. Although
Germany protested against the United States trading with the Allies,
America wasn't violating the international neutrality laws. In 1915,
several months after Germany started to use submarines in the war,
one of Germany's submarines sunk the British liner Lusitania, killing
128 Americans.
• Americans were furious and demanded to go to war but President
Wilson refused. After Germany sunk another British liner in 1915,
the Germans agreed to not sink any more unarmed passenger ships
without warning. However, Germany continued to sink innocent
ships and Wilson proclaimed he would go to war with Germany if
they did not stop their unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany
agreed to Wilson's ultimatum, but also demanded that the United
States persuade the Allies to modify their blockade.
Wilson Wins
Reelection in 1916
• In 1916, Wilson was up for reelection against the
republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes.
• The Democrats continued to run an anti-war campaign.
Woodrow Wilson won the election of 1916 and served a
second term.