Transcript 22.1 Becoming a World Power

Chapter Twenty-Two
World War I, 1914—1920
Chapter Focus Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did America’s international role expand?
How did the United States move from neutrality to
participation in the Great War?
How did the United States mobilize the society and
the economy for war?
How did Americans express dissent and how was it
repressed?
Why did Woodrow Wilson fail to win the peace?
American Communities
Vigilante Justice in Bisbee, Arizona
The radical Industrial Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
organized a peaceful strike that won support from over half the
town’s miners in 1917.
Armed men began rounding up strikers at a copper mine in
Bisbee, Arizona.
The sheriff and town’s businessmen justified vigilantism by
invoking patriotism and racial purity.
Of the 2,000 men kept under armed guard, 1,400 refused to return
to work and were taken on a freight train to a small town in the
desert.
Neither the federal nor the state government would act.
The Arizona mines operated without unions into the 1930s and
with very few immigrant workers.
22.1:
Becoming a
World Power
A. Roosevelt: The Big Stick
1.
2.
Americans believed that they had a God-given role to
promote a moral world order.
Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick” approach called for
intervention.
a.
b.
3.
4.
He secured a zone in Panama for a canal, completed in 1914.
He expanded the Monroe Doctrine to justify armed intervention
in the Caribbean where the United States assumed management
of several nations’ finances.
In Asia, the United States pursued the “Open Door”
policy.
TR mediated a settlement of the Russo-Japanese War.
This 1905 cartoon portraying President Theodore Roosevelt, “The World’s
Constable,” appeared in Judge magazine. In depicting the president as a strong
but benevolent policeman bringing order in a contentious world, the artist Louis
Dalrymple drew on familiar imagery from Roosevelt’s earlier days as a New York
City police commissioner.
SOURCE:The Granger Collection (4E218.07).
B. Taft: Dollar Diplomacy
1.
Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, favored
“dollar diplomacy” that substituted investment for
military intervention.
a.
b.
2.
3.
Taft believed that political influence would follow
increased U.S. trade and investments.
American investment in Central America doubled.
Military interventions occurred in Honduras and
Nicaragua.
In Asia, the quest for greater trade led to worsening
relations with Japan over the issue ownership of
Chinese railroads.
MAP 22.1 The United States in the Caribbean, 1865–1933 An overview of U.S.
economic and military involvement in the Caribbean during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries. Victory in the Spanish-American War, the Panama Canal project, and
rapid economic investment in Mexico and Cuba all contributed to a permanent and
growing U.S. military presence in the region.
C. Wilson:
Moralism and Realism in Mexico
1.
2.
3.
Woodrow Wilson had no diplomatic experience before
becoming president.
He favored expanding the Open Door principle of equal
access to markets.
He saw expansion of American capitalism in moral terms.
The complex realities of power politics interfered with his
moral vision.
4.
5.
Unable to control the revolution in Mexico, Wilson sent
troops to Vera Cruz and northern Mexico.
When relations with Germany worsened, Wilson accepted
an international commission’s recommendation and
withdrew U.S. troops from Mexico.
This 1914 political cartoon
comments approvingly on the
interventionist role adopted by the
United States in Latin American
countries. By depicting President
Woodrow Wilson as school teacher
giving lessons to children, the
image captures the paternalistic
views that American policy makers
held toward nations like Mexico,
Venezuela, and Nicaragua.
SOURCE:The Granger Collection,New York.