Transcript Chapter 30 Review - Spokane Public Schools

Chapter 30 Review
Election of 1912
• Roosevelt, angry over Taft's turn toward conservatism and
failure to carry out Roosevelt's reform policies, challenged
Taft for the Republican nomination.
• Taft won, and Roosevelt bolted the convention to form the
Progressive or Bull Moose party with himself as
presidential nominee.
• The Democratic party nominated Woodrow Wilson,
governor of New Jersey, on the forty-sixth ballot.
• The campaign turned on Roosevelt's New Nationalism,
which called for a government with strong regulatory
powers, and Wilson's New Freedom, which proposed
antimonopoly policies and a return to small-scale business.
• Wilson, in winning, became the first Democratic president
since Grover Cleveland. Given the combined vote of
Roosevelt and Taft, the Republicans would have defeated
the Democrats if the party had not split.
Woodrow Wilson
• Twenty-eighth president of the United States
(1913-21).
• Born in Staunton, Virginia, Wilson earned a Ph.D.
from Johns Hopkins University and developed
strong leadership abilities as a college teacher
and as president of Princeton University. He
published many books on government and
political science.
• In 1910 Wilson was elected governor of New
Jersey, and two years later he gained the
Democratic nomination for president. Wilson won
reelection in a close race with Republican Charles
Evans Hughes in 1916.
As President…
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During the Wilson administration Congress passed the Federal
Reserve Act (1913) and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914). It
broadened the Constitution by passing the Seventeenth
Amendment (1913) allowing the direct election of senators, the
Eighteenth Amendment (1919) establishing Prohibition, and the
Nineteenth Amendment (1920) giving women the right to vote.
The Panama Canal opened in 1914, the United States purchased
the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917, and the United States
entered World War I in 1917.
At war's end Wilson drew up his Fourteen Points (1918) and
helped write the Treaty of Versailles (1919) and the Covenant of
the League of Nations (1919) in an effort to bring about a lasting
world peace.
In 1919 he suffered a paralyzing stroke while campaigning for the
peace treaty. The U.S. Senate did not ratify the treaty, but Wilson
received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.
Although an idealistic and intelligent man, he tended to be arrogant
and inflexible, which hurt him in the attainment of his goals,
especially during the contest over the Treaty of Versailles.
New Freedom Platform
• (1912) Democrat Woodrow
Wilson’s political and economic
reform program proposed during
the presidential election of 1912.
• To reduce corporate power and
return government to the people,
Wilson proposed to lower tariffs,
revise the monetary system, break
up monopolies, and reinvigorate
the free enterprise system.
Federal Reserve System
• The central banking system of the United States
established under the Federal Reserve Act of
1913, sometimes called the Glass-Owen bill.
• The most important job of the system, also known
as the Fed, is to manage the country's supply of
money.
• The president appoints a Federal Reserve Board
of seven members to staggered terms of fourteen
years to supervise the conduct of the banks in the
Federal Reserve System.
• The act divided the nation into twelve districts,
each with a Federal Reserve bank; the banks are
located in Dallas, San Francisco, Boston, New
York City, Philadelphia, Richmond, Atlanta,
Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, and
Kansas City, Missouri.
Federal Trade Commission
• Government agency established in
1914 to prevent unfair business
practices and to maintain a
competitive economy.
• The FTC controls radio and
television advertising and regulates
labeling and packaging.
• Its five commissioners, appointed by
the president and subject to Senate
approval, serve for seven-year
terms.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
• 1914 a law intended to plug loopholes in
the Sherman Anti- Trust Act of 1890 and to
more clearly define unfair business
practices.
• The act prohibited price discrimination and
interlocking directorates for the purpose of
eliminating competition.
• It recognized the legality of boycotts and
strikes and stated that unions were not
monopolies under the antitrust laws.
La Follette
• In 1957 a U.S. Senate committee named La Follette
one of the five most outstanding senators of all time.
• He spent most of his life in public service, serving in
the U.S. House of Representatives (1855-91), as
governor of Wisconsin (1901-05), and as a U.S.
senator (1906-25).
• As a pacifist and isolationist, La Follette became a
controversial figure when he voted against the U.S.
entry into World War I and opposed ratification of the
Treaty of Versailles and joining the League of
Nations.
• He helped found the Progressive movement and was
the Progressive party candidate for president in the
Election of 1924, receiving nearly 6 million votes.
• La Follette earned the nickname "Fighting Bob"
because of his deep commitment to his beliefs.