Transcript WORLD WAR I BEGINS Chapter 11 Section 1 Pages 370-407

WORLD WAR I BEGINS
Chapter 11 Section 1 Pages 370-407
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4.
OBJECTIVES
Identify the long term causes and the
immediate circumstances that led to
World War I.
Describe the first two years of the war.
Summarize U.S. public opinion about the
war.
Explain why the United States entered
the war.
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
Many Americans wanted to stay neutral and out of
the war but neutrality was difficult to maintain
4 LONG-TERM CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
•Nationalism-a devotion to the interests and culture
of one’s nation
•Imperialism-the policy of extending a nation’s
authority over other countries by economic, political
or military means
•Militarism-the development of armed forces and a
tool of diplomacy
•Alliance System- originally the Triple Entente, later
known as the Allies (France, Britain, Russia) and the
Triple Alliance later known as the Central Powers
(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Otttoman Empire)
ASSASSINATION LEADS TO WAR
June 14 Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited
the Bosnian capital Sarajevo, he and his
wife Sophie were shot by Serbian
nationalist Gavrilo Princip
• July 28-Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia
• August 1-Germany declared war on
Russia
• August 3-Germany declared war on
Russia’s ally France
• August 4-Britain declared war on Germany
and Austria Hungary
Serbian Gavrilo
Princip
(above)
Archduke with
his wife Sophie
(top)
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand (left)
THE FIGHTING STARTS
The Schlieffen Plan- holding action against
Russia combined with a quick drive
through Belgium to Paris; after France has
fallen the 2 German armies would defeat
Russia.
Look at your textbook page 375 (MAP)
TRENCH WARFARE
(page 376)
3 Main kinds of
trenches
-Front Line
-Support
-Reserve
THE BATTLE OF SOMME
•1st Battle- Began July 1, 1916
•British suffered 60,000 casualties
in the first day alone
•1.2 million total
•Only 7 miles of ground
exchanged because of trench
warfare
TRENCH WARFARE
• “NO MAN’S LAND”-a barren expanse of mud
with shell craters and filled with barbed wire
Americans Question Neutrality
• Public opinion was strong-but divided
• Socialists criticized the war as capitalist and
imperialist struggle between Germany and
England to control markets
• Pacifists believed that war was evil and the US
should set an example for world peace
• Millions of naturalized citizens followed the war
closely because they still had ties with other
nations
• America had strong economic ties to the Allies
• During the first two years of war the Allies
flooded American markets with supply orders
THE WAR HITS HOME
• In 1917 America had mobilized for war for 2 reasons
– To ensure Allied repayment of debts to the U.S.
– To prevent the Germans from threatening U.S. shipping
THE BRITISH BLOCKADE
GERMAN U-BOAT RESPONSE
•Made use of naval
strength
•Blockaded German
coast to prevent
weapons and other
supplies from getting
through
•Americans were angry
b/c blockade threatened
freedom of the seas
•Germans responded with
a counterblockade
•May 7, 1915 U-Boat sank
the British liner Lusitania
off the coast of Ireland
•128 Americans were lost
•Americans became
outraged and public
opinion turned against
Germany
1916 Election
• Democrats renominated Woodrow
Wilson
• Republicans nominated Charles
Evans Hughes
• Wilson campaigned under the
slogan “He Kept Us Out Of War”
• Wilson was elected and hoped that
all nations would join a “league for
peace” which would work to
extend democracy, maintain
freedom of the seas and reduce
armaments
The United States Declares War
• Germans ignored Wilson’s call for peace
and threatened to sink all ships entering
British waters
• Zimmerman Note-telegram from the
German foreign minister to the German
ambassador in Mexico that was
intercepted by British agents
– Telegram promised that if war with the
United Sates broke out, Germany would
support Mexico in recovering “lost
territory in Texas, New Mexico and
Arizona”
–Four more US merchant ships
were sunk with 36 lives lost
–Russia replaced there
monarchy with a
representative government
Now the United States could
justify that this war was a war
of democracies against brutal
monarchies
“Make the World Safe For Democracy”