Transcript WORLD WAR I BEGINS Chapter 11 Section 1 Pages 370-407

WORLD WAR I BEGINS
Chapter 11 Section 1 Pages 370-407
OBJECTIVES:
Identify the long term causes and the
immediate circumstances that led to
World War I.
2. Describe the first two years of the
war.
3. Summarize U.S. public opinion
about the war.
4. Explain why the United States
entered the war.
1.
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
Many Americans wanted to stay neutral and out of the
war but neutrality was difficult to maintain
4 LONG-TERM CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
•Nationalism-a devotion to the
interests and culture of one’s nation
•Imperialism-the policy of extending
a nation’s authority over other
countries by economic, political or
military means
 Militarism-the
development of armed
forces as a tool of diplomacy
 Alliance System- originally the Triple
Entente, later known as the Allies
(France, Britain, Russia) and the Triple
Alliance later known as the Central
Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Otttoman Empire)
 Acronym for Long-term causes…
MAIN (Militarism; Alliances;
Imperialism; Nationalism)
ASSASSINATION LEADS TO WAR
June 14 Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited the
Bosnian capital Sarajevo, he and his wife
Sophie were shot by Serbian nationalist
Gavrilo Princip
 July 28-Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia
 August 1-Germany declared war on Russia
 August 3-Germany declared war on
Russia’s ally France
 August 4-Britain declared war on Germany
and Austria Hungary

THE FIGHTING STARTS
The Schlieffen Plan- holding action against
Russia combined with a quick drive through
Belgium to Paris; after France has fallen the
2 German armies would defeat Russia.
Look at your textbook page 375 (MAP)
6 mins
TRENCH WARFARE
(page 376)
3 Main kinds of
trenches
-Front Line
-Support
-Reserve
THE BATTLE OF SOMME
•1st Battle- Began July 1, 1916
•British suffered 60,000 casualties
in the first day alone
•1.2 million total
•Only 7 miles of ground
exchanged because of trench
warfare
TRENCH WARFARE clip

“NO MAN’S LAND”-a barren expanse of
mud with shell craters and filled with barbed
wire
Americans Question Neutrality
 Public opinion was strong-but
divided
 Socialists criticized the war as
capitalist and imperialist struggle
between Germany and England to
control markets
 Pacifists believed that war was evil
and the US should set an example
for world peace
 Millions
of naturalized citizens
followed the war closely
because they still had ties with
other nations
 America had strong economic
ties to the Allies
 During the first two years of
war the Allies flooded American
markets with supply orders for
their military men.

THE WAR HITS HOME
In 1917 America had mobilized for war for 2 reasons
◦ To ensure Allied repayment of debts to the U.S.
◦ To prevent the Germans from threatening U.S. shipping
THE BRITISH BLOCKADE
GERMAN U-BOAT RESPONSE
•Made use of naval
strength
•Blockaded German
coast to prevent
weapons and other
supplies from getting
through
•Americans were angry
b/c blockade threatened
freedom of the seas
•Germans responded with
a counterblockade
•May 7, 1915 U-Boat sank
the British liner Lusitania
off the coast of Ireland
•128 Americans were lost
•Americans became
outraged and public
opinion turned against
Germany
1916 Election
 Democrats renominated Woodrow
Wilson
 Republicans nominated Charles
Evans Hughes
 Wilson campaigned under the
slogan “He Kept Us Out Of War”
 Wilson was elected and hoped that
all nations would join a “league for
peace” which would work to extend
democracy, maintain freedom of
the seas and reduce armaments
The United States Declares War


Germans ignored Wilson’s call for peace and
threatened to sink all ships entering British
waters
Zimmerman Note-telegram from the
German foreign minister to the German
ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by
British agents
◦ Telegram promised that if war with the
United States broke out, Germany would
support Mexico in recovering “lost territory
in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona”
◦ 5 deadliest weapons
◦ Four more US merchant ships
were sunk with 36 lives lost
◦ Russia replaced their
monarchy with a representative
government
Now the United States could
justify that this war was a war
of democracies against brutal
monarchies
“Make the World Safe For Democracy”
Additional Clips

UNCUT - Soldier's food

Soldier's Kit