Transcript PRC`s International Relations

U.S.-China Relations
Maoist Era (1949 - 1976)
Main foreign policy makers
Mao Zedong (CCP and PRC Chairman)
Zhou Enlai (Premier and Foreign Minister)
Cold War
Alliance with Soviet Union in 1950s
Mao Zedong: ``lean on one side”
Alliance with ``Third World” in 1960s
Replaced ROC in United Nations in 1971
Normalize with United States in 1970s
Alliance with United States in 1980s
Break the Ice in 1970s
PRC-USA adversary in 1950s and 1960s
Growing threat from Soviet Union
Mao said to Edgar Snow in 1970: ``If
Nixon would come I’ll talk with him”
``Ping-pong diplomacy” in 1971
Nixon in China (1972)
Ford in China (1975)
Deng Xiaoping’s Strategies
One Focus
economic modernization
Two themes: ``peace and development”
relatively peaceful world is favorable for
domestic economic construction
trade, investment, and economic cooperation
Diplomatic Relation (1979)
1978-12-16: ``Joint Communiqué on the
Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
between the People's Republic of China
and the United States of America"
1979-01-01: P.R. China and the U.S.
formally established diplomatic relations
at ambassadorial level
Deng Xiaoping visits US
Post-Cold War
PRC perceives a world with ``only one
superpower but many great powers”
PRC’s principal national interest defined as
economic modernization
PRC diplomacy seeks to maintain
conditions conducive to continued
economic growth
Japan and US Direct Investment in Mainland China (in billion US$)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Japan
US
Trade
Partners in
2012
PRC Strategies since 1996
Reassure neighbors that China’s
development doesn’t pose threat but
offers opportunities
Partner (but not ally) with major powers
(U.S., Russia, European Union, Japan,
etc.)
Great Power Partnerships
Stable relations w/o targeting 3rd party
Promote extensive economic relations
Downplay disagreements on domestic
issues in the interest of working together
on matters of shared concern
Routine official visits, especially military
exchange & summit meetings
Cooperative Partnership
“Constructive strategic partnership”(1997)
Cooperative working relationship
trade and investment
UN security council
export controls of military technology
fight against international terrorism
contain tensions in Korea and South Asia
Taiwan Issue
Most sensitive issue in PRC-US relations
3 US-PRC Joint Communiqués
1972
1978
1982
Taiwan Relations Act
1979
Taiwan Issue
Visits to US by high officials from Taiwan
Does it violate 1978 Communiqué?
Arms sale to Taiwan
Does it violate 1982 Communiqué?
1972-02-28 Communiqué
The U.S. side declared: The United States
acknowledges
that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan
Strait maintain there is but one China
that Taiwan is a part of China
1978-12-16 Communiqué
Reaffirm the principles agreed on by the
two sides in the Shanghai Communiqué
US recognizes the Government of the PRC
as the sole legal Government of China.
Within this context, the people of the
United States will maintain cultural,
commercial, and other unofficial relations
with the people of Taiwan
Diplomatic Relation (1979)
The U.S. announced
the severance of its diplomatic ties with the
Republic of China (Taiwan)
the withdrawal of its troops from Taiwan
the ceasing of the U.S.-R.O.C. Joint Defense
Treaty
within 1979
1982-08-17 Communiqué
P.R.C-U.S. Communiqué: U.S.
does not seek to carry out a long-term policy
of arms sales to Taiwan
arms sales to Taiwan will not exceed the
level of those supplied in recent years
intends gradually to reduce its sale of arms
to Taiwan, leading, over a period of time, to a
final resolution
Tests of the Partnership
US bombed PRC embassy in Belgrade in
1999
Mid-air collision of US and Chinese
military planes in 2001
Human rights in China
Political dissidents
Religious freedom