Transcript James Monroe Power Point - Public Schools of Robeson County

James Monroe (1817-1825)
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Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser)
Adams-Onis Treaty
Monroe Doctrine
Hudson River School of Arts
Era of Good Feelings
• At the beginning of Monroe’s presidency,
Americans were feeling generally optimistic. The
nation had declared victory in the War of 1812
and the economy was booming.
• President James Monroe revived the presidential
tour of the country, which was first undertaken by
George Washington.
• The trip took fifteen weeks and allowed Monroe
to come in contact with more people than any
previous sitting President.
• The Boston Columbian Centinel described his
reception in Massachusetts as the beginning of an
"Era of Good Feelings" for the nation -- a phrase
that is now often used to describe Monroe's
presidency.
Missouri Compromise
• Early in 1819, settlers in the Missouri Territory
applied for admission to the Union.
• Congressional debate on Missouri exploded
when Congressman James Tallmadge, Jr. of
New York attached two amendments to the
statehood bill. The first barred new slaves
from entering the state the second
emancipated all Missouri slaves born after
admission upon their 25th birthday. In other
words, the Tallmadge amendments would
admit Missouri only as a free state.
Missouri Compromise, con’t…
• Massachusetts allowed its far northern
counties to apply for admission to the Union as
the free, or non-slave, state of Maine, thus
offsetting fears that the South would gain votes
in the Senate with the admission of Missouri.
• Additionally, it was agreed that Missouri would
be admitted as a slave state in return for the
South's willingness to outlaw slavery in western
territories above the 36/30' north latitude line.
• That line would open present-day Arkansas
and Oklahoma to slavery but would forbid it
throughout the rest of the Louisiana Territory
-- land that would eventually be organized into
nine states.
Henry Clay
Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser)
• House Speaker Henry Clay promotes plan as the American
System:
o national currency, transportation facilitate trade
o Erie Canal links Hudson River to Lake Erie: Atlantic to Great
Lakes
Adams-Onis Treaty
• For years, southern plantation owners and white
farmers in Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina had
lost runaway slaves to the Florida swamps.
• Seminole and Creek Indians offered refuge to these
slaves and led raids against white settlers in the
border regions.
• The U.S. government could do little about the
problem because the swamps lay deep within
Spanish Florida. If the United States moved
decisively against the Seminoles, it would risk war
with Spain. Although the United States had tried to
convince Spain to cede the territory on various
occasions, its efforts had failed.
• With the end of the War of 1812, the U.S.
government turned its attention to the raids.
Adams-Onis Treaty
• President Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson,
the hero of the Battle of New Orleans, to the
Florida border in 1818 to stop the incursions.
• Jackson’s troops invaded Florida, captured a
Spanish fort at St. Marks, took control of
Pensacola, and deposed the Spanish governor.
He also executed two British citizens whom he
accused of having incited the Seminoles to raid
American settlements.
• To the administration, the entire affair
illustrated the lack of control Spain had over
the region. Secretary of State Adams thought
that he could use the occasion to pressure
Spain to sell all of Florida to the United States.
Adams-Onis Treaty
• Adams convinced Spain to sell Florida to the
United States.
• In return, the United States agreed to
relinquish its claims on Texas and assume
responsibility for $5 million that the Spanish
government owed American citizens.
• The resulting treaty, known as the AdamsOnís Treaty of 1819 -- named after John
Quincy Adams and Luis de Onís, the Spanish
minister -- was hailed as a great success.
Monroe Doctrine
• Stated that European countries should no longer
consider the Western Hemisphere open to new
colonization
• This statement, which in the 1850s came to be
known as the Monroe Doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine constituted the first significant
policy statement by the United States on the future
of the Western Hemisphere.
• Monroe saw the United States as a model and
protector to the new Latin American republics.
Hudson River School of Arts
• A group of American landscape painters of the midnineteenth century, who took a Romantic approach
to depicting the Hudson River Valley, and of the
Catskill, Berkshire, and White Mountains, as well as
lands further west. As the American frontier moved
westward, the Hudson River painters' views of this
expanding territory found an enthusiastic audience.
Their pictures were often brashly theatrical,
embracing moral or literary associations.
Thomas Doughty (American, 1793-1856),
Denning's Point, Hudson River, c. 1839
Asher Brown Durand (1796–1886)
The Beeches, 1845
Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits, 1849