Transcript Ch. 10 Review

Cold War
Test Review
Answers
1. Explain the role of
President Eisenhower
during the Cold War
• 1st Republican after 20 years
of Democrats in office
• Enforcer of the Truman
Doctrine and Containment.
• Helped end McCarthyism
• Proposed Interstate
Highway Act of 1956
• Supported U.S. troop
involvement in the Bay of
Pigs Invasion
2. Explain the role of
President Truman in the
Cold War
• Issued the Truman Doctrine.
• Promoted U.S. participation
in NATO
• Sent U.S. support to
Western Europe with the
Marshall Plan
• Sent troops/military support
into South Korea- began
Korean War.
3. Explain the role of
President Kennedy in the
Cold War
• Did not allow U.S.
troop involvement in
the Bay of Pigs
Invasion
• President during the
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Supported the Space
race
4. Explain the role of
Joseph Stalin in the Cold
War
• The leader of the Soviet Union
at the End of WWII
• Promoted communism and
totalitarian government systems
in the U.S.S.R and its satellite
countries (E. Europe)
• Promotes Molotov Plan and
Warsaw Pact
• Shuts down free corridor in
Germany
5. Explain the Role of
Nikita Khrushchev in the
Cold War
• Soviet Premier following
Stalin
• Allied with Fidel Castro
and placed ICBMs in
Cuba, starting the Cuban
Missile Crisis.
• Promoted Space race for
the Soviet Union
6. Explain the role of
Joseph McCarthy in the
Cold War
• Republican Senator up for reelection
• Increased Red Scare hysteria
• Feared communism and used
America’s fear to gain fame with
list of 205 state department
workers of being communist
• Created the HUAC, who tried
suspected communists with
bullying and intimidating tactics
7. Define the Korean War
• 1950-53
• Korea separated into North and
South- North communist
• North invades South
• Truman sends in U.S. support
• McArthur pushes N.Korea back to
Yalu River- Chinese “volunteers”
provide support (communist China)
• Pushed back into South Korea
• Armistice at 38th Parallel
8. Define the Cold War
• Called a “constant war of nerves”
• 46 year period of tension majorly
between the United States and the
Soviet Union (1945-1991)
• Conflict of ideas: Democracy vs.
communism
• No actual war between the United
States and the Soviet Union, but
constant threat of nuclear war
9. What is McCarthyism
and the Red Scare?
• Fear, Suspicion and scapegoating
• Tactics used at suspected
communists’ hearings
• Fear and hysteria over
communism
10. What were the arms
race and the space race?
• Arms race- the large scale
production of nuclear weapons by
the United States and the Soviet
Union during the Cold War.
• Space race- contest between super
powers (US&USSR) to make
landmarks in space exploration.
• The Soviet Union beat the United
States into space with the launch of
Sputnik in 1957
11. What was the Cuban
Missile Crisis?
• After the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, Fidel Castro
allows the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles
(ICBMs) in Cuba
• A U-2 spy plane discovers these and the Kennedy
Administration has to decide how to respond.
(airstrike? Invade? Ignore? Emissary? Blockade?)
• Kennedy decides to blockade Cuba and eventually
negotiations open with Khrushchev
• They agree to remove missiles if U.S. remove theirs
from Turkey
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed- end production of
nuclear bombs
12. What was the Truman
Doctrine?
• President Truman
vowed to provide U.S.
support to fight
communism anywhere
in the world
• Justifies U.S.
intervention in Korean
and Vietnam Wars
13. What was the
Containment Policy?
• The United States’
goal to contain/stop
the spread of
communism
• Major policy of the
Cold War
14. What was the
Marshall Plan and the
Molotov Plan?
• Marshall Plan- The United States’
plan of sending economic aid to
war-torn Europe. ($17 Billion)
• Countries that accepted aid had to
have democratic governments and
buy supplies and products from the
USA
• Molotov Plan- Soviet Union’s
reaction to the Marshall Plan, their
economic aid to their Eastern
European satellite countries
15. What was the impact
of the atomic Bomb?
• 1st nuclear weapon (dropped
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
• Reason for cold war tension
(threat of nuclear war)
• Further development lead to
the hydrogen bomb (100x
stronger)
16. What was NATO and
the Warsaw Pact?
• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
• Alliance/defense system formed
between the United States, Great
Britain, France and Canada
• Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union alliance
system with Eastern European satellite
countries after creation of NATO
• Countries choosing sides after WWII
17. What is
totalitarianism?
• Government by one or
few
• Total control over many
aspects of people’s lives
• No freedom of press or
speech
18. What was the
Interstate Highway Act of
1956?
• Proposed by President Dwight D.
Eisenhower
• Wanted to create a highway system to
connect cities/states
• Modeled after autoban in Europe
(Germany)
• Cut down travel time (62 days xcountry to 4 days)
• Promoted the growth of new cities
and especially suburban population
(towns outside the major cities)
19. What does the
division of Germany &
Berlin mean?
• Yalta Conference- Germany
divided between US, USSR, Great
Britain, and France
• Germany/Berlin Divided into East
and West
• USSR installs communist
government in E. Germany and E.
Berlin
• US, Gr. Britain, and France half
becomes democratic W. Germany
20. What types of actions
would lead you to believe
that the Cold War was
ending?
• Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty
• Fall of the Berlin
Wall
21. What is the correct
sequence of eras in
history after
Reconstruction?
• After Reconstruction there was the Gilded
Age, which was the rise of factories and
industry
• That was followed by World War I (19141918)
• Then after that was the Great Depression
starting in 1929
• World War II brought the United States
out of the Great Depression
• Directly after WWII the Cold War began
22. Why did the US suffer
little physically during
WWII??
• The location of the
United States kept it
from suffering much
damage- it was far
away from the actual
war. Most of the war
took place in Europe
and in the Pacific
Islands.