Transcript What was the Cold War?

In your groups, consider and document idea(s)
on your notes page:
How can you fight someone
without using violence against
them?
essential questions:
What was the Cold
War?
• two superpowers emerged from WWII: the
U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
vs.
At Yalta, from
left to right:
Churchill, FDR,
Stalin;
meetings at
Yalta and
Potsdam would
see Stalin make
false promises
for free
elections in
Eastern Europe
and Germany
divided.
• cooperation through the United Nations, an
international organization for peace, would
not work because…
painting of signing of the United Nations
Charter in San Francisco in 1945
official symbol
of the U.N.
...each side had veto power on the Security
Council
The five permanent members and the ten rotating members of the Security
Council resolve disputes at this horseshoe table.
Overview of the early Cold War (1945-1963)
vs.
world superpower:
leader after World War II:
vs.
leader after World War II:
type of government:
vs.
type of government:
world superpower:
United States
method of maintaining and extending power:
containment—
satellite states—
plan to contain
independent
communism in the
nations of
world
Eastern Europe
that the Soviet
the Marshall Plan—
Union controls
plan to use
by force
economic aid to
keep communism
out of Europe
military alliance to provide collective
security:
NATO— military
Warsaw Pact—
alliance formed to
military alliance
keep the Soviet
formed in 1955
Union from
of the Soviet
expanding (North
Union and its
Atlantic Treaty
satellite states
Organization)
Europe after 1. Label West
Germany,
WWII (WWII
East
ended 1945)
Germany, and
Atlantic
Ocean
Berlin on the
map.
Soviet Union
2. Label the
Soviet Union
on the map.
Berlin
East
West Germany
Germany
3. Color the
communist
countries on
the map red.
4. Trace the
iron curtain,
the line that
divided
communist
Eastern
Europe from
Western
Europe.
essential question:
Did containment work in the first three
confrontations of the early Cold War—
the Berlin Airlift, the Chinese Civil War,
and the Korean War?
The Berlin Airlift
• Soviet Union blockades West Berlin to get
control of the city
• U.S. airlifts supplies in to keep West Berlin
independent and democratic
While West Germany’s
economy grew, East
Germany struggled with
poverty during the Cold
War.
Chinese Civil War (“loss of China”):
• U.S.-backed Nationalists lose to Sovietbacked Communists
(Nationalists)
Taiwan
China remains communist today, but has improved
relations with the U.S. as it has allowed some capitalism
over time.
The Korean War
• Communist North Korea attacks South Korea
• Soviet Union aids North; United Nations police
action to protect
South led by U.S.
• borders eventually
return to roughly
the same as
before the war
Why else was the Korean War important in
American history?
Kim Jong-Il, current
North Korean leader
and son of the founder
of North Korea is
eccentric at best and
crazy at worst.
consider:
Have you ever pushed something too far
before you realized that it was a bad idea
in the first place?
essential question:
How did the Eisenhower and
JFK expand the 1950s and
1960s Cold War?
Instead of working for peace
and cooperation, Eisenhower
becomes president and
pushes the stakes higher in
the Cold War.
brinkmanship – belief that
only by going to the brink of
war could the U.S. protect
itself against communist
aggression
Discuss the potential
costs and benefits of this
policy in your groups.
How Eisenhower expanded the
scope of the Cold War:
• used the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) to spy on foreign countries and to
secretly remove those that were
unfriendly to the U.S.
• continued the arms race to ensure we
had more advanced weapons than the
Soviets
Just a few years after the United States developed
the atomic bomb, the U.S.S.R. successfully tested
one. Many people blamed the Soviet support of
China and Korea on the fact that they were no
longer intimidated by U.S. technology.
vs.
Dwight Eisenhower was
President of the U.S.
from 1952-1960.
Nikita Kruschev led the
USSR after Stalin from
1953-1964.
Complete the chart by filling in any blanks
for each new technology (US or USSR).
 atomic bomb (1945)
 atomic bomb (1949)
The Fat Man mushroom
cloud resulting from the
nuclear explosion over
Nagasaki rises 18 km
(11 mi, 60,000 ft) into the
air from the hypocenter.
 hydrogen bomb (1952)
 hydrogen bomb (1953)
1 = Fat Man
(dropped on
Nagasaki)
2 = h-bomb
 nuclear subs (1954, able to fire nuclear
warheads by the 1960s)
The first nuclear sub,
the Nautilus,
commissioned in 1954
A nuclear subroc
missile being fired
from an underwater
nuclear sub
 USSR launched the first
satellite, Sputnik, beginning the
space race in 1957
Sputnik
transmission
 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)
capable of delivering nuclear warheads
(1957)
 ICBMs (1957, after the USSR and less
accurate)
 USSR shot down US U-2 spy plane in
1960, embarrassing the US and limiting US
ability to spy on USSR
U-2 spy plane similar to the one
that Francis Gary Powers flew
While the United States had more big
bombs, the Soviet Union had more missile
technology to deliver bombs in the 1950s.
The end
result is
mutually
assured
destruction.
Who do you
think was
winning the arms
race by 1960?
Why?
What do you
think is the
scariest part of
living during the
arms race?
Why?
The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
• Kennedy goes ahead with CIA plan to use
CIA-trained Cuban rebels to lead
overthrow of Castro
Kennedy giving inauguration
address in 1961
Fidel Castro and Nikita Kruschev
• 1961: invasion fails miserably, this attempt
to overthrow a foreign government making
America and Kennedy look bad
The Berlin Wall (1961-1989)
• Soviets build this around the city of West
Berlin to keep citizens of communist
countries from escaping to the West
• symbol of Cold War until
torn down in 1989
The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
• this is the closest the Cold War gets to
nuclear war
• U.S. discovers Soviet missile bases on
Cuban soil
• negotiation that ends crisis: U.S. removes
navy and pledges not to invade Cuba in
exchange for Soviet removal of missiles
• effects: Kennedy seen as a hero, scare of
nuclear war leads to more communication
between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., and the
Limited Test Ban Treaty limited nuclear
testing to underground
A phone like this
one connected
the White House
directly to the
Kremlin.
This is the only type of nuclear testing
allowed under the Limited Test Ban Treaty.
Answer the following, including mention of terms
from these notes:
Was JFK a good Cold War President?
Why or why not?
U.S., U.S.S.R., both, or Chuck Norris?
rules:
• When a picture appears, be the first team to
write which category is shown.
• For an additional point, tell which term or
whose name best relates to the picture.
• If you miss the term, the first team to write
and hold up the correct term for a point.
U.S. aid
per nation
Don’t let it out!
The five permanent members are in purple.
Secretary
of State
George
Marshall