Transcript Launching the Nation

The United States after the
Constitution
 Name
the first three presidents of the
United States.
 What is the electoral college?
 George Washington, John
Adams, Thomas
Jefferson
 A body of electors who represent the
people’s vote in choosing a president.
 What
are some of the precedents set by
George Washington during his term in
office? (8.6 spi 1)
 Who were the first five presidents, what
years were each of them in office, and
what was one major accomplishment for
each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1)
 How do taxes affect an economy? (8.2 spi
5)
 Today: Chapter
7, Section 1 notes
 Tomorrow: Brainpop; Write a letter to
George Washington
 Wednesday: Comparing Jefferson,
Hamilton
 Thursday: Quiz over Chapter 7, Section 1;
Library powerpoint
 Friday: Library day
 The
American people believed in GW
 Gouverneur Morris to Washington:
• “Should the idea prevail that you will not accept
the presidency, it should prove fatal to the new
government. Of all men, you are best fitted to fill
that office.”
 Precedent:
An action or decision that
serves later as an example
 Everything GW did would be an example
to every president after him
 Group
of advisors to the President
Hamilton – Sec. of Treasury
Jefferson – Sec. of
State
Washington
 Have
your parents sign the test.
 I’ll let you make corrections in CORE for
half credit.
 Read Chapter 7, Section 1 (pages 234237). Answer 1-3 on page 237.
 One
of two cities in 1790 that had
population of over 25,000 (Philadelphia)
• 8,175,133 in 2010
• Most people lived in rural towns or countrysides
 Wall
Street
• Center of economic activity for the states
 One
of GW’s biggest problems was
paying off the debt from the Rev. War
 This was where Hamilton came in
U.S. Debts to
Foreign Nations:
$11.7 million
U.S. Debts to
American Citizens:
$40.4 million
 America’s
debt was so high because it had
borrowed money from other countries and it
had sold bonds to American citizens.
 Bonds
are certificates that you buy in order for
the gov’t to raise money
• They will buy it back at a higher rate
 Gov’t
couldn’t afford this at first; many sold
their bonds to speculators
 Hamilton
wanted to also pay off some of the
states’ debt for the war
• But many Southern states didn’t want him to; they didn’t
want their money spent on other states
• Thomas Jefferson gets irritated with Hamilton
“This is VIRGINIA!”
 In
order to please the
Southern states,
Hamilton convinced
GW to move the
capital city to. . .
 Jefferson
and Hamilton didn’t get along
• Had too many different views
• Jefferson on Hamilton: “Bewitched & perverted. . .under
conviction that corruption was essential to government.”
 Mainly
economical
• Hamilton favored industry; Jefferson favored agriculture
• Hamilton wanted high tariffs; Jefferson not so much
• As far as interpreting the Constitution, Hamilton was a
loose constructionist; Jefferson was a strict constructionist
 Hamilton
desired a national bank that the
government could keep its money in
• Make loans to businesses; also create a mint
• Said the elastic clause allowed the gov’t to create one
 Jefferson
disagreed; argued that Hamilton was
overstepping
 Despite
Jefferson’s protest, GW agreed with
Hamilton
 1791 – The Bank of the United States is created
French Revolution (1789)
 French
people rebelled against King Louis XVI
and Marie Antoinette
• Got their heads chopped off
 The
French had helped the U.S. during the Rev.
War
 After the French Rev., France went to war with
England
• Wanted the U.S. to help; GW says no
• GW’s Neutrality Proclamation said the U.S. wouldn’t pick
sides (stay neutral)
• France begins trying to get U.S. ships to fight with them
against Britain
 Not
everyone liked GW’s neutrality
 Some wanted to help the French
 Others
wanted to help the British
 The
British were seizing U.S. ships and
helping the Indians fight the American
settlers
• Jay’s Treaty – Settled disputes between Britain
and the U.S., but not everyone happy
 The
Spanish had closed the MS River port
of New Orleans
• Pinckney’s Treaty – Reopened NOLA and set U.S.
southern boundary at 31° N latitude
 Whiskey
Rebellion
 In
order to pay off national debts, a tax was
placed on all American whiskey
 People in western Pennsylvania were upset
• Already mad because the gov’t couldn’t protect them
from Indian attacks
• Most only produced small amounts of whiskey and
couldn’t afford the tax
 Protests
started peacefully, but soon got
violent
 GW leads an army of 13,000 soldiers to put
down the rebellion
• Only president to ever personally lead an army
• Rebels run away like little girls
 After
his second term, he leaves office
 In his “Farewell Address” he warns:
• That the U.S. should remain neutral at all costs
• Against the dangers of political parties
• Against borrowing large amounts of money and gaining
even more debt
 American
politics had already begun to split
into two distinct parties
• Sort of like today
- Lower taxes (in
most cases)
-More conservative
on social issues like
abortion, same-sex
marriage, etc.
(usually)
-Smaller government
that does only what is
needed (usually)
-Favor higher taxes
-Most, but not all, tend
to be liberal on social
issues
-Large government
needed to protect the
rights and freedoms of
the people
 The
two parties that emerged called
themselves:
• Federalists (Big Bicep)
• Republicans (Tiny Bicep)
 Most
parties were based on where
people lived
• Urban cities supported Federalists more
• Rural farmers supported Republicans more
 John
Adams (Fed) defeats Jefferson (Rep)
• Jefferson becomes Vice President
• Adams not a likely candidate for President
 Remember, France
and the U.S. are beefin’
 Adams’ first goal as President was to improve
relations with France
• Sent several diplomats over to France to smooth things
over
 U.S. diplomats
are told that the French Foreign
Minister won’t meet with them unless:
• They give him a $250,000 bribe
• They give France a $12,000,000 loan
 Adams
reported what happened to Congress
• Instead of giving names of the French diplomats who
asked for the bribes, he labels them X, Y, and Z
• American people are absolutely irate (mad)
 Most
Americans wanted war with France, but
Adams didn’t
• Asked for a peacetime army from Congress
• France and U.S. sign a treaty for peace eventually
• Many people, including Federalists, begin insulting
Adams in the press
 Adams
passes the Alien & Sedition Acts
• Made it illegal to criticize the President
• Republicans hated these acts because they felt they
violated free-speech (and they were right)
• These acts would cost Adams in the 1800 election