Transcript An Era of Expansion

An Era of Expansion
U.S. History
Chapter 12
Temporary Peace
 Political parties
temporarily at
peace in early
1820s
 Federalist party
disappeared
 Only one party
remained
Disputed Election
 In 1824, the House of Representatives
chose John Quincy Adams as President
 “Corrupt Bargain”: Clay persuaded House
members to vote for Adams instead of
Jackson
 Clay became Secretary of State
Disputed Election
 Adams was
unpopular: wanted to
increase federal
spending
 People disliked his
plan for economic
growth; they feared
the federal
government would
become too powerful
Jacksonian Era
 Andrew Jackson
earned widespread
support among
voters as a
champion of the
common people
 Common people:
farmers and city
workers
Jacksonian Era
 New political party:
Democrats.
Supported Jackson
 1828 election
brought Jackson to
office
 Growing spirit of
democracy
Jacksonian Era
 Growing spirit of
equality increased
suffrage
 More people voted;
a man no longer
had to own
property to vote
 Suffrage: right to
vote
New political parties
 Democrats supported Andrew
Jackson
 Whigs wanted federal government to
help economy through programs for
national growth; supporters of Adams
“King” Andrew
 Jackson had ability
to lead and inspire
 Quick to lose
temper; dealt with
enemies harshly
 Wanted to expand
powers of the
Presidency
“To the victor belong the spoils”
 Spoils system: rewarding supporters
with government jobs
 Earned benefits = spoils
 Andrew Jackson gave supporters
jobs
“Kitchen Cabinet”
 Jackson relied on
his unofficial
advisers more than
his Cabinet
 Met with these
advisers in the
White House
kitchen
The Bank War
 Jackson thought
the Bank of the
United States was
too powerful.
 He thought banks
only helped the
wealthy
The Bank War
 Jackson thought
the Bank of the
United States was
unconstitutional.
 He thought that
states should
charter banks
1828 Protective Tariff
 Tariff of
Abominations
 Affected Southern
planters by
increasing the
costs of European
imports on which
they depended
Nullification
 Vice President John Calhoun claimed
states had the right to nullify, or
cancel, a federal law that it
considered unconstitutional.
 Calhoun supported states’ rights
Nullification Act
 South Carolina
passed Nullification
Act, protesting the
tariff of 1832.
 The state also
threatened to
secede, or
withdraw, from the
Union
Compromise Tariff
 Jackson supported a lower tariff.
Compromise
 South Carolina had no other state
support of Nullification Act, so
repealed the Act.
Native American Tragedy
 Indian Removal
Act forced many
Native Americans to
move west of the
Mississippi
 Trail of Tears;
began in the
Southeast and
ended in Indian
Territory
Panic of 1837
 Worst economic
crisis the nation
had known
 Speculators
borrowed large
sums of money
from banks; many
banks closed
Martin Van Buren
 President Martin Van Buren; tried to
stabilize banking system, cut
government expenses
 Three-year depression
 Depression: a period when business
declines and many people lose their
jobs
Campaigns of 1840
 New politics:
candidates
competed for
votes with rallies
 Mudslinging: use
of insults to
attack reputation
William Henry Harrison
 Whigs presented
their candidate,
Harrison, as a
common “man of
the people”
although he was
educated and
wealthy
John Tyler
 John Tyler, vice
president, took
over after
Harrison’s death
Review
 Which president reward his
supporters with government jobs?
a. Martin Van Buren
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. Andrew Jackson
Review
 Which president reward his
supporters with government jobs?
a. Martin Van Buren
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. Andrew Jackson
Review
 What is this practice of rewarding
supporters with government jobs
called?
a. Spoils system
b. Suffrage
c. Nullification
Review
 What is this practice of rewarding
supporters with government jobs
called?
a. Spoils system
b. Suffrage
c. Nullification
Review
 What was Jackson’s group of
unofficial advisers called?
a. Top Shelf
b. Kitchen Cabinet
c. Kitchen Table
Review
 What was Jackson’s group of
unofficial advisers called?
a. Top Shelf
b. Kitchen Cabinet
c. Kitchen Table
Review
 Why did Jackson think the Bank of
the United States was
unconstitutional?
a. He thought states should charter
banks
b. He thought the Bank sacrificed the
needs of the wealthy
c. He knew the Bank’s charter was
expired
Review
 Why did Jackson think the Bank of the
United States was unconstitutional?
a. He thought states should charter banks
b. He thought the Bank sacrificed the
needs of the wealthy
c. He knew the Bank’s charter was
expired
Review
 Why did Jackson think about the
Bank of the United States?
a. It helped mostly the wealthy
b. It helped mostly the poor
c. It was controlled by the states
Review
 Why did Jackson think about the
Bank of the United States?
a. It helped mostly the wealthy
b. It helped mostly the poor
c. It was controlled by the states
Review
 Why did Jackson disapprove of the
Bank of the United States?
a. He thought it was too powerful
b. He thought it granted too many
loans
c. He thought Congress should run it
Review
 Why did Jackson disapprove of the
Bank of the United States?
a. He thought it was too powerful
b. He thought it granted too many
loans
c. He thought Congress should run it
Review
 Which of the following groups
thought of Andrew Jackson as their
champion?
a. Wealthy Southern planters
b. Native Americans in the North
c. Common people across the country
Review
 Which of the following groups
thought of Andrew Jackson as their
champion?
a. Wealthy Southern planters
b. Native Americans in the North
c. Common people across the country
Review
 What new political party supported
Andrew Jackson?
a. Whigs
b. National Republicans
c. Democrats
Review
 What new political party supported
Andrew Jackson?
a. Whigs
b. National Republicans
c. Democrats
Review
 Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry
Clay and John Quincy Adams of making
a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election?
a. Adams appointed Clay to Vice President
b. Clay changed the final count of the
popular vote
c. Clay persuaded House members to vote
for Adams
Review
 Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry
Clay and John Quincy Adams of making
a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election?
a. Adams appointed Clay to Vice President
b. Clay changed the final count of the
popular vote
c. Clay persuaded House members to vote
for Adams
Review
 Why did President Jackson’s
opponents call him “King Andrew?”
a. His achievements in the War of
1812
b. His experience as a lawyer
c. His intention to expand presidential
powers
Review
 Why did President Jackson’s
opponents call him “King Andrew?”
a. His achievements in the War of
1812
b. His experience as a lawyer
c. His intention to expand presidential
powers
Review
 Which was a cause of increased
suffrage in the 1820s?
a. Growing spirit of equality in the U.S.
b. Influence of the Whig party
c. Increasing number of immigrants
Review
 Which was a cause of increased
suffrage in the 1820s?
a. Growing spirit of equality in the U.S.
b. Influence of the Whig party
c. Increasing number of immigrants
Review
 Why did people oppose John Quincy
Adams’ plan for economic growth?
a. They feared the federal government
would become too powerful
b. They wanted Adams to spend more tax
dollars on special programs
c. They feared states would become too
powerful
Review
 Why did people oppose John Quincy
Adams’ plan for economic growth?
a. They feared the federal government
would become too powerful
b. They wanted Adams to spend more tax
dollars on special programs
c. They feared states would become too
powerful
Review
 What was the Trail of Tears?
a. Native Americans forcibly removed from
Southeast to Indian Territory
b. Native Americans decided to relocate to
more fertile land in the West
c. Native Americans removed from Indian
Territory to the Southeast
Review
 What was the Trail of Tears?
a. Native Americans forcibly removed from
Southeast to Indian Territory
b. Native Americans decided to relocate to
more fertile land in the West
c. Native Americans removed from Indian
Territory to the Southeast
Review
 What is nullification?
a. Practice of rewarding supporters
with government jobs
b. Act of canceling a law
c. Number equal to more than one-half
Review
 What is nullification?
a. Practice of rewarding supporters
with government jobs
b. Act of canceling a law
c. Number equal to more than one-half
Review
 What is suffrage?
a. Practice of rewarding supporters
with government jobs
b. Number equal to more than one-half
c. Right to vote
Review
 What is suffrage?
a. Practice of rewarding supporters
with government jobs
b. Number equal to more than one-half
c. Right to vote
Review
 How did the protective tariff of 1828
affect southern planters?
a. It protected their land from migrating
Native Americans
b. It increased their reliance on goods from
the North
c. It increased the cost of European imports
Review
 How did the protective tariff of 1828
affect southern planters?
a. It protected their land from migrating
Native Americans
b. It increased their reliance on goods from
the North
c. It increased the cost of European imports
Review
 How did the Whig party appeal to voters
in the 1840 election?
a. It promised to institute a high tariff
b. It represented its candidate as a
common person
c. It represented its candidate as an
experienced political leader
Review
 How did the Whig party appeal to voters
in the 1840 election?
a. It promised to institute a high tariff
b. It represented its candidate as a
common person
c. It represented its candidate as an
experienced political leader
Review
 Which occurred during Martin Van
Buren’s presidency?
a. Nation suffered a three-year depression
b. Cotton prices rose; southern planters
prospered
c. Factory production increased;
manufacturers prospered
Review
 Which occurred during Martin Van
Buren’s presidency?
a. Nation suffered a three-year depression
b. Cotton prices rose; southern planters
prospered
c. Factory production increased;
manufacturers prospered
Review
 What caused the Panic of 1837?
a. The Seminole Wars
b. Election of President Martin Van
Buren
c. Large sums of money that
speculators borrowed from banks
Review
 What caused the Panic of 1837?
a. The Seminole Wars
b. Election of President Martin Van
Buren
c. Large sums of money that
speculators borrowed from banks
Review
 How did voting requirements change by
the 1830s?
 Voters no longer had to be born in the
United States
 Voters no longer had to be 21 years of age
or older
 A man no longer had to own property to
vote
Review
 How did voting requirements change by
the 1830s?
 Voters no longer had to be born in the
United States
 Voters no longer had to be 21 years of age
or older
 A man no longer had to own property to
vote
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