Transcript The Cold War - Cobb Learning

Origins
of the
Cold War
Warm Up
The questions below are based on
what you read and learned on
Monday. Write and answer the
following questions!!!
1.) What was the Cold War ?
2.) What were the beliefs of the U.S.?
3.) What were the beliefs of the Soviet
Union?
5 mins.
Standard
• SS6H7.b:
• Explain the impact of WWII in terms
of the origins of the Cold War, and
the rise of the Superpowers.
• EQ: How did the end of WWII lead to
the Cold War?
Note-Taking Using Alphaboxes
Organizer
• You will fill in the boxes with
important terms
• All of the information that you need
can be found in the PowerPoint, so
you need to pay attention!!!!
A Difference In Opinion
• 1945—the beginning of a long period of
distrust & misunderstanding between
the Soviet Union and its former allies in
the West (particularly the US)
– Soviet Union believed a powerful central
government should control the economy
as well as the government - Communism
– US believed that businesses should be
privately owned - Capitalism
Post-WWII Europe (1945)
• Western Europe and America were
alarmed by Soviet advances in
Eastern Europe
– Many Europeans and Americans
believed that the communists were
trying to take over the world!
“The Iron Curtain”
• Soviet dictator, Joseph Stalin placed
most of the Eastern European
countries under communist control
– “Eastern Bloc”
• The United States led the Western
Bloc countries of Western Europe
• The imaginary line separating the
two was called the “Iron Curtain”
The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the
Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient
capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Checking For Understanding
Stand Up/Sit Down
If the statement is true, stand up. If the
statement is false, stay seated.
U.S. believed a powerful central
government should control the
economy as well as the
government.
Checking For Understanding
Stand Up/Sit Down
If the statement is true, stand up. If the
statement is false, stay seated.
The “Iron Curtain” was a real
curtain separating the Eastern
European countries and the
Western Bloc countries of
Western Europe.
Division of Germany
• End of WWII, Allies divided Germany
into 4 sections to keep it from regaining
power
– US, Great Britain, France, & Soviet Union
each controlled a section
• 1948: Western Allies wanted to reunite
Germany, but Soviets disagreed
– Soviet section became “East Germany”
and the reunited sections became “West
Germany”
– Berlin was also divided into East & West
Post-War Germany
Threat of Nuclear War
• Each side thought the other was
trying to rule the world
– Neither side would give up, people lived
in fear that another world war would
erupt
• This time it could be a nuclear war,
which could destroy the entire planet
• Countries began to form alliances to
protect themselves…
NATO
• 1949: Western European countries, Canada, & US formed
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Each nation in NATO believed the Soviet Union would
not attack western Europe if the U.S. would launch
nuclear war in return
• Why was it formed?
– To protect member countries from the Soviet Union or
any other country’s invasion.
– Set up a defense alliance.
– Trying to prevent the Domino Theory
– Assist in creating free governments.
The Warsaw Pact
• What was the Warsaw Pact?
– an alliance of the Soviet Union and its communist
satellite nations
• Why was it formed?
– to counter NATO
– an anti-Western military alliance
• Why “Warsaw”?
– Warsaw, Poland was the city where the treaty was
signed
• Satellite nation/ Puppet Government?
– Satellite nations/ Puppet governments are nations that
are dependent upon a stronger power.
– The Soviet satellite nations were Bulgaria, Romania,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and East Germany.
Checking For Understanding
1.) Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and
the _____ each controlled a section of
Germany after WWII.
2.) NATO was formed after WWII to:
-
Superpowers
• As the Cold War continued, more
countries allied with each side
• The US and USSR had the ability
to influence world events and
project worldwide power
• The countries were evenly
matched…
Soviet Union
• Had a permanent seat on the UN
Security Council
• Influenced other communist countries
and dictatorships around the world
• Occupied the largest country in the
world, 3rd largest population, & the 2nd
largest economy
• Had strong military and space technology, a
worldwide spy network (the KGB), & one of
the largest stockpiles of nuclear weapons in
the world.
United States
• Also had a permanent seat on the
UN Security Council, as well as
strong ties with Western Europe &
Latin America
• 4th most populated country
• Had powerful military support from
NATO, the largest navy in the world,
bases all over the world, the CIA,
and a large reserve of nuclear
weapons
Checking For Understanding
Why were the United States
and Soviet Union considered
superpowers?
Checking For Understanding
Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down
If the following statement is true,
thumbs up. If the statement is false,
thumbs down.
The U.S. had military and space
technology, a worldwide spy
network (the KGB).
RISE OF THE
SUPERPOWERS
Use the chart on the back of your
Alphaboxes organizer for slides
entitled, Soviet Union and United
States.
Categorizing
There are 2 categories: U.S. and Soviet Union.
Create a T-chart and write the phrases/terms
under the correct category.
•Powerful central
government should control
the economy as well as the
government
•Warsaw Pact
•West Germany
•NATO
•East Germany
•communism
•businesses should be
privately owned
•democracy
Growing Up in the Cold War
Study the photographs and watch the
video made during the Cold War.
Assignment: Write a diary entry from
the viewpoint of a student living during
the Cold War.
What about Berlin?
• During the Cold war, there were many “hot
spots” (areas of extreme tension)
– The earliest hot spot was Berlin.
• At the end of World War II, Germany was
divided into four occupation zones
– American, British, French, and Soviet
• The Soviets controlled the eastern part of
Germany, the western countries controlled
the western part of Germany.
• The capital Berlin, deep within Sovietcontrolled territory, was also divided into four
occupation zones.
Berlin Blockaded!
• In June 1948, the Soviets blockaded
all land and water traffic into western
Berlin hoping to make Britain,
France, and America leave the city.
--(Remember Berlin was in East
Germany which the USSR occupied.)
• In response, the United States and
Great Britain began an airlift…
Checking For Understanding
1.) Areas of extreme tension are “___ ___.”
2.) At the end of World War II, Germany
was divided into four occupation zones
– American, British, French, and _______.
3.) Who occupied Berlin since it was in
EAST Germany?
Berlin Airlift
• What’s an airlift?
– a system of carrying supplies into West Berlin by
plane
– Day and night, British and American pilots flew in
tons of food, fuel, and raw materials.
• How long did it last?
– 11 months
• The airlift is over. Now what?
– Germany officially becomes two countries with two
governments.
– Bonn becomes the capital of West Germany.
– East Berlin becomes the capital of East Germany.
– West Berlin remains a democratic stronghold,
surrounded by communism.
The Berlin Wall
• Berliners hated living under communism
• Luckily, West Berlin and freedom were
just across the street
– About 3 million people fled to West Berlin looking
for political freedom and better lives
– The East German government wanted it to stop
• In August 1961, East Germany built a
103 mile wall between East and West
Berlin.
– Guarded by Soviet troops, it became a symbol of
the split between western and eastern Europe.
1961 Berlin Wall Built
Checking For Understanding
• True or False
1.) An airlift is a system of carrying supplies into
West Berlin by plane.
2.) After the airlift is over, West Berlin remains a
democratic stronghold, surrounded by
communism.
3.) Berliners loved living under communism. West
Germany built a 103 mile wall between East and
West Berlin.
Cold War Summary:
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
GOAL  spread worldwide Communism
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL  “Containment”
of Communism
How’d They Do It?:
 Espionage (spyware)-- (KGB vs. CIA)
 Arms Race (nuclear weapons)
 Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World
peoples (Communist govt. & command economy vs.
democratic govt. & capitalist economy)
 NATO vs. Warsaw Pact