Transcript Substance Abuse

SUBSTANCE
ABUSE
ADDICTION
REASONS WHY TEENS USE
SUBSTANCES
Addiction
: condition in which a person
can no longer control his or her drug use
 Develop a physical need for the drug
 Brain




Brain reward good behavior
Neurotransmitters release of dopamine
 Dopamine lets us feel pleasure
Drugs will
the brain into thinking this is
a good thing for the body
Path to Addiction
 Use


of a drug
Drug use produces
in the
brain
Teens brains – more vulnerable, brains are
still developing
 Tolerance

: condition in which a
user needs more of a drug to get the same
effect
Path to Addiction cont.
 Dependence


: condition in which
the body relies on a given drug in order to
function
: state of
emotionally or physically needing a drug in
order to function
 Addiction



Lose control of
Learns how to use drugs to deal with
emotional problems
Lie, steal, distrustful, paranoid
Path to Addiction cont.
 Withdrawal



: uncomfortable physical
and psychological symptoms produced when a
physically dependent drug user stops using
drugs
Symptoms are the
of the drug’s
effects
Addict feels normal only when the drug is in
the body
Drug use activates
The brain reward
System (pleasure
System)
The drug user needs
More of the drug
To produce the
Same effect
The drug user experiences
Uncomfortable withdrawal
Symptoms if he or she tries
To stop using the drug
The drug user has
Lost control of his
Or her drug-taking
Habit
No one starts using drugs to become an
addict, but every addict starts as someone
experimenting with drugs.
Addiction is a treatable disease
 Fighting
addiction is
 Treatment programs


Getting off the drug
Counseling to understand the addiction & cope
with life
 Earlier
the treatment the
COST OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES
GREATLY OUTWEIGH
ANY IMAGINED
BENEFITS
TOBACCO
WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES?
 Each
puff – 43 chemicals known to cause
cancer

: cancer-causing substances



– poisonous, colorless liquid with a
bitter-almond odor; blocks the ability to body cells
to use oxygen
– used as a disinfectant,
insecticide, fungicide, and deodorant
– extremely poisonous semi metallic
element used commercially in manufacturing of
glass
WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? CONT.
: addictive drug in cigarettes

: a drug that increases the action
of the central nervous system, heart, and
other organs

: a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced
when tobacco burns

: colorless, poisonous gas
in cigarette smoke that passes through the
lungs into the blood

OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO
: tobacco that is
sniffed through the nose or chewed
 Smoking


Inhale less smoke but more likely to develop
cancer because more tar and other chemicals
 Specialty


cigarettes
Made with strong tobacco and contain spices that
make them taste and smell sweet
Contain more cancer-causing tars
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

– destruction of the
tiny air sacs, less surface area, more
breaths than before
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM CONT.

– bronchi irritated by
smoke, cilia are destroyed and extra mucus
present, develop cough, cancerous cells grow
in these conditions, block the bronchi, and
move into the lungs
DISEASE OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
the blood vessels, build up of
plaque in the blood vessels
 Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries
 Raises
 Increase stroke

DANGERS OF SMOKELESS
TOBACCO
 Spit,
tar, and other chemicals can be
 Tooth
decay & discolored teeth
 Gums pulled away
 Bad breath
 Decrease ability to
DANGERS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO
CONT.
:
thickened white,
leatheryappearing spots
on the inside of a
smokeless tobacco
user’s mouth that
can develop into
cancer

: lip,

mouth, or throat
SECONDHAND SMOKE

: cigarette, cigar, or pipe
smoke inhaled by nonsmokers – smoke that
remains in a closed environment after the
smoker is through smoking

Eye irritation, headache, coughing, ear infections,
asthma attacks, respiratory problems, heart and
lung diseases
: smoke that a smoker

blows off
: smoke that comes from

burning tobacco
RIGHTS OF THE NONSMOKER
nonsmokers report they are
bothered by smoke but only
will ask
someone to stop
 Smokers need to take responsibility of
their smoke

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO WORK
TOWARD A SMOKE-FREE SOCIETY
ALCOHOL
WHAT IS ALCOHOL?

: the type of alcohol found in
alcoholic beverages


Made synthetically or fermentation
: chemical action of yeast on
sugars

Fruits, vegetables, or grains
 Beers,
wines, or liquors (whiskey, gin, and
vodka)
 At first alcohol may give a certain energy or
“
”
WHAT IS ALCOHOL? CONT.
 Soon
followed by
– causing the
central nervous system to slow down

: physical and mental
impairment resulting from the use of alcohol
– inability to walk or unconsciousness

The amount of alcohol varies between people
EQUAL AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL
4
oz of wine
 2 oz of liquor
 12 oz beer
WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODY
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS

– depresses the activity, slowing
down the work of the central nervous system


– oxidation – changes alcohol to
water, carbon dioxide, and energy


Decision making can be badly affected
1/3 to ½ an ounce per hour
– dilate or widen, increase
blood flow (making the skin feel flush and
warm), body temperature actually decreases
WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODY
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS CONT.
- increase heart rate and
increase blood pressure, can lead to
arrhythmias, abnormal heartbeat, heart
attack, and stroke

– affects the pituitary gland
which affects the kidney to produce more
urine (why the person feels dehydrated)

– molecule are very small so they
do not need to be digested, immediate
absorption, the more alcohol the more gastric
juices

WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODY
LONG-TERM EFFECTS
 Alcohol
robs the body of its ability to absorb
key nutrients and long-term overuse may lead
to

Vitamin deficiencies
 Stomach

and skin problems
Liver problems
 Loss
of appetite
 Brain




Decrease brain size
Intellectual abilities
Memory
Problem solving
DUI OR DWI
 Driving
Under the Influence (DUI) or
Driving While Intoxicated (DWI)

: the
amount of alcohol in a person’s blood
expressed as a percentage
 Percentage varies
 Factors – gender, weight, metabolism,
amount of alcohol, whether food is
present, time between drinks, and time of
last drink
DUI OR DWI CONT.
 Drivers




ability
Reduces the ability
 Distance, speed, and turns
 Accurately ones own capabilities and
limitations
 Concentrate
Increase the tendency to
Slows reflexes
Adds to
to take precautions such
as using signals when turning
DUI OR DWI CONT.
 Consequences




of DUI
11 teens killed over 350 injured each day
Harmful for
of crashes which passenger dies occur
because of DWI
Confiscation of license, jail, court, fine, higher
insurance, possible lawsuit
THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT

– occurs when 2 or
more medicines are taken simultaneously

Alcohol combined with other drugs or
medicines produces an interaction known as
the multiplier effect
 Many
PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
: periodic excessive

drinking


Popular with high school and college students
: dangerous toxic
condition that occurs when a person
drinks a large amount of alcohol

4 times a legal limit
ALCOHOLISM
: physical and
psychological dependence on the drug
ethanol - it is disease
 Stage 1 



Drinking becomes necessary to manage stress
Drink and become intoxicated regularly
Drinker makes excuses and tries to rationalize
his or her behaviors
ALCOHOLISM CONT.
 Stage



Physical dependence
Drink alone, drink everyday, craving for alcohol
Defensive behavior - deny that there is a problem
 Stage
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2-
3-
Problem no longer can be denied
Malnutrition
Person falls apart physically, mentally,
emotionally, and socially
Reverse tolerance - takes less alcohol
(DTs): dramatic physical and
psychological effects of alcohol withdrawal
 Hot and cold flashes, severe tremors,
nightmares, hallucinations, fear of people and
animals - need prompt medical attention
CHOOSING TO BE ALCOHOL-FREE
 Saying


no to alcohol
Practice
Keep it brief, polite, confident, and to the point
DRUGS
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
: any unnecessary or
improper use of chemical substance for
nonmedical purposes

: street drugs, these
substances are against the law for people
of any age to manufacture, possess, buy,
or sell



Some occur naturally
: chemical substances
produced artificially in a laboratory
SUBSTANCE ABUSE CONT.

: the use or sale of
any substances that are illegal or other
wise not permitted


Includes selling of prescription drugs on the
street
: drugs that often lead to
other serious and dangerous drug use

Alcohol and nicotine
DANGERS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 Side

effects -
: strong or even fatal reaction to
taking a large amount of a drug
 No
control or means of monitoring drugs
for quality, purity, or strength
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
 Stimulants
 Depressants
 Narcotics
 Hallucinogens
STIMULANTS

: drugs that speed up the
central nervous system
Cause increased heart and respiratory rates, high
blood pressure, dilated pupils, and decreased
appetite
 Experience sweating, headaches, blurred vision,
dizziness, and sleeplessness
 Inhalation or injection - increase blood pressure,
stroke, high fever, or heart failure
 Moodiness, restlessness, and anxiety
 Chronic users - hallucinations, delusions, and
paranoia

: irrational suspiciousness or
distrust of others

STIMULANTS
CONT.





Stay awake, alert, lose weight, offset the effects of
depressant drugs, and temporary high
: a feeling of tense well being or
elation that maybe followed by a complete “crash”
or meltdown
- crank, speed, ice, meth



Suppressed appetite, interference with sleeping
behaviors, mood swings, unpredictability, tremors
& convulsions
Very quick addiction and the effects to the body
are dramatic
METH PICTURES

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethR
esources/faces/index.html
STIMULANTS CONT.


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

White powder from the coca bush (South America)
Regular use - depression, edginess, weight loss,
physiological dependence
Nasal damage, holes in the septum
Crack - smokeable form of cocaine
 Extremely addictive - effects are felt within seconds
DEPRESSANTS

: drugs that tend to slow down
the central nervous system
Relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension and
worry, bring on sleep
 Slows down heart and breathing rate, reduced
blood pressure





Sedative hypnotic drugs (induce sleepiness)
Feeling similar to that of intoxication and
counteracts the effects of stimulants
DEPRESSANTS CONT.


Reduce muscular activity, coordination, and
attention span

Some medical uses

Originally prescribed to reduce anxiety and to help
with insomnia
Temporary euphoria
Effects - rapid dependence, headache, diarrhea,
dizziness, convulsions, and coma
People die by combining this depressant with
alcohol




NARCOTICS

: drugs derived from the opium
plant that have a sedative effects

Opiates - opium from poppy flower

Natural compound in opium
Used to reduce severe pain
Appetite suppressant, cause severe constipation,
and lead to addiction





Used in cough medications to stop coughing
NARCOTICS CONT.

Made from morphine
 Depress the central nervous system and slows
breathing and pulse rate
 Tolerance develops quickly
 More dangerous because the purity is 10 times
stronger than it was in the 80’s

HALLUCINOGENS
: drugs that alter moods, thoughts,
sense perceptions (vision, hearing, smell, & touch)

- angel dust




Feel distant and detached
Time and body movement are slow, muscles
coordination, sense of touch and pain are dulled
Feel strong and powerful - resulting tragic death,
serious accidents, and terrible acts of violence
- acid


Very similar to PCP



Psychoactive ingredient of the peyote cactus
“Bad trip”
Vicious stomach cramps and vomiting

STEROIDS
synthetic derivatives of the
male hormone testosterone
 Medicine - help
 Cause - mood swings, abnormal violence and
aggressive behavior (“roid rage”)


High blood pressure, acne, baldness, increased risk of
liver damage, heart disease, increased growth of body
& facial hair, stroke from blood clots, depression,
decrease sperm production, testicle size, increase
breast size (females decrease)
 Misconception
that it makes you stronger makes the muscles bigger
CANNABIS DERIVATIVES
 Cannabis
- scientific name for hemp plant

: cannabis that is smoked,
eaten, or drunk for intoxicating effects

: “Hash” dark brown resin
collected from the tops of the cannabis plant


Smoked in a pipe
Boiled to make hashish oil - then combined with
tobacco
PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS

- same effects as depression and
stimulant
 Alters your senses, coordination, and reaction time
 Interrupt your ability to make rational and
healthful decision
 Stimulate
 Personality problems with regular marijuana users
- loss of willpower, motivation, lack of energy, and
paranoia
 Affects, memory, ability to recall things, ability to
pay attention
PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS CONT.
 Cannabis
smoke contains more cancercausing chemicals than cigarette smoke

- lower levels of testosterone,
decrease sperm production

- still birth, lower birth weight
conditions similar to fetal alcohol syndrome
INHALANTS

: substances with
breathable fumes that are sniffed and
inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mindaltering high

Glues, paints, aerosols, lighter fluid and
gasoline
the central nervous system and
produce similar effects as alcohol
 Immediate effects - nausea, sneezing,
coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of
coordination, loss of appetite

INHALANTS CONT.
 Long-term
effects - liver and kidney damage,
changes in bone marrow, permanent brain
damage

Hearing loss, limb spasm, blood oxygen depletion
 Coma,
vegetative state, respiratory problem from one use
 High concentrations of inhalants can cause
suffocation

- move onto something
stronger

Peak age - 14
DESIGNER DRUGS
: synthetic substances
meant to imitate the effects of narcotics and
hallucinogens
 Several hundred times stronger
 Symptoms - uncontrollable tremors, drooling,
impaired speech, paralysis, irreversible brain
damage

- short-term feelings of euphoria



Resulting - confusion, depression, paranoia,
psychosis, increase heart rate and blood pressure
Long-term damage to brain cells
LOOK-ALIKE DRUGS

: made to physically
resemble specific drugs

Never know what you are getting
“
” might contain high doses of caffeine
plus cold medicines

Cause dangerously fast heart rates, changes in
blood pressure, strange behaviors, nervousness, and
breathing problems
 Sometimes
they are just sugar pills - for huge
profits
 Hard to diagnose - makes treatments very
difficult - they do not know what drugs were
used
SCHOOL EFFORTS TO STOP DRUGS
: areas
within 1,000 feet of schools and designated by
signs, within which people caught selling
drugs will receive especially tough penalties
 What else is being done:
