Transcript Risk Factors Alcohol or Drug Use

Eat, Drink, Have Sex, Use Drugs
Rate of Change
Brain Development
Source: Tapert & Schweinsburg, 2005
Implications of Incomplete Brain Development
“Act first, think later”
More risky, impulsive behaviors
Less than optimal planning or consideration
of negative consequences
Preference for physical activity and sensation
seeking
Percentage in each age group who
begin using alcohol
Addiction is a Developmental Pediatric Disease
35%
Age of First Alcohol Use
Age at first Nicotine Use
30%
Age of First Cannabis Use
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Age
Source: NIAAA National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2003
45
50
Health Literacy is not tested
 We know that health education/health education
teachers have been reduced over the past 10
years.
(DESE Health Frameworks are from 1999)
 Some High Schools have 1 Health Class for 1
semester in High School.
 DESE acknowledges that children/adolescents
need skills-based health education at all levels to
make good decisions that transfer to many
situations.
The value of Health Education at all levels
Prevalence of Lifetime Alcohol Dependence by Age of
First Alcohol Use and Family History of Alcoholism
60
2001-2002
% Prevalence
50
40
30
20
10
0
<=13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
>=21
Age at First Use of Alcohol
Source: 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol nad Related
Conditions; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry; DICBR, NIAAA,
Bethesda, MD.
Parental History Positive
Total
Parental History Negative
30 Day Prevalence of Daily Use of
Cigarettes, by Grade, 1975-2013
FIGURE 1. Estimated percentage of high school students who used tobacco in the preceding 30 days, by
tobacco product — National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2011–2014
Risk Factors
Alcohol or Drug Use
PEERS
 Friends use
 Norms favor use
 Early initiation
 Gang involvement
 Rebelliousness
Risk Factors
Alcohol or Drug Use
SCHOOL
 Lack of commitment to
school
 Norms favor use
 Academic failure
 Alienation
Risk Factors
Alcohol or Drug Use
PARENTS
 Availability
 Norm favors use
 Attitudes
Think you drink a lot? This chart will tell you…
Risk Factors
Alcohol or Drug Use
COMMUNITY
 Availability
 Norms favor use
 Attitudes
 Community disorganization
 Violence
Adverse
childhood
experiences
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Emotional Neglect
Household
dysfunction
Abuse
Emotional
Household Dysfunction
neglect
Abuse
Adverse Childhood Experiences - ACE
Talk Early, Talk Often
“Delay, Delay, Delay or Avoid Altogether”
Handouts on your Thumbdrive
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Script for Calling Parents when a
child/adolescent in on Narcotic after surgery.
NY Times article on Telling kids the truth
From Prescription to Heroin (poster from DPH)
What Should Parents know about the Opioid
Crisis
Substance Abuse Prevention Tips for Parents
Safeguard your Meds
BSAS MA Youth Treatment Services
Family Dinners make a Difference
Find your ACE score
This slide show
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/us/01drugs.html?src=me&ref=us
51
Opioids and Misunderstandings
• Family members
(and patients) often
misunderstand the
differences
• Need to
re-educate
Physical
Dependence
Tolerance
Physiologic adaptations
to chronic opioid therapy
Addiction
Maladaptive behavior
associated with opioid misuse
Savage SR, et al. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 Jul;26(1):655-67.
Drug Seeking
Addiction
Clinical syndrome presenting as…
Loss of Control
Compulsive use
Continued use despite harm
Craving
Aberrant Medication
Taking Behaviors
(pattern and severity)
Addiction is NOT the same
as physical dependence
Savage SR, et al. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;26:655-667.
Signs and Symptoms at School
Small or “pinpoint” pupils
Depression
An overall unhealthy look
Track marks on arms (scars or
bruises from using needles)
Weight loss
Itches and scratches on the skin
Vomiting
Loss of friendships
Constipation
Problems in school or at work
“Nodding off” to sleep
Lose interest in activities
Laxative use
In females, not getting a period
Signs at Home
More time spent away from
home
Frequent, secret phone calls
Trouble with the police
Missing money, credit cards,
and/or valuables
Small plastic Ziploc bags
Bottles of vinegar and bleach
and cotton balls
Aluminum foil or chewing gum
wrappers with burn marks
Spoons with burn marks or missing
spoons
Pawn slips
Purchases returned for refunds
Signs and Symptoms of Withdrawal
Diarrhea
Trouble sleeping
Sweating
Talking about craving
medicines or drugs
Dilated (very big) pupils
Irritability (moodiness)
Anxiety (feeling worried or
nervous)
Complaining about pain —
especially stomach cramps,
muscle aches, and bone pain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uq6AxrEY3Vk