Transcript 30.1-2 Cardiovascular system

30.1 and 30.2
Respiratory and Circulatory
functions and Gas
Exchange
Cardiovascular System
 Heartbeat
is ultimate sign of “life”
 No matter your state of consciousness, your
heart beats and your blood flows (sleeping,
awake, during activity)
Circulatory System
 The
body system that
transports blood and
other materials.

Brings vital supplies to
the cells and carries
away wastes.
Respiratory System
 System
in which gas
exchange takes place.
 Moves gasses into and out
of the blood.

Brings O2 into the body and
expel CO2 and water
vapor.
Parts of the Respiratory System

Nose and mouth: brings in air, moistens, warms,
and cleans it as it crosses hairs mucus linings.

Epiglottis: covers the trachea when you swallow

Trachea: Divides into two bronchi bringing air
into each lung.

Lungs: absorb O2 from the air.

Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where gas exchange
occurs.

Diaphragm: muscle at the base of the rib cage
helps expand the lungs.
Parts of the Circulatory System
A
Fluid
 A Pump
 Tubes
Fluid
 Blood:
Mixture of cells, cell fragments,
and plasma.

Average person has about 5 liters of blood.
Pump
 Heart:
Muscular pump about
the size of your fist that pushes
blood to all parts of your
body.

Takes about 60 seconds for
blood to circulate from the
heart throughout the body
and get back to the heart.
Tubing
 Arteries:
carry blood away from the
heart.
 Veins: carry blood towards the heart.
 Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels that
transport blood to and from the cells of
the body.
Additional function of the
Circulatory System
 1.
Helps maintain body temperature.
30.2 Respiration
and Gas
Exchange
Key Concept
The respiratory system
exchanges oxygen
and carbon dioxide
Gas Exchange


Gas Exchange occurs in the alveoli of the
lungs
Recall cell respiration


C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Gas exchange in the lungs is based on 3
principles:



1. O2 and CO2 are carried by the blood
2. Gases move by diffusion
3. The lining of the alveoli must be moist for
diffusion
Gas Exchange

When you inhale, air flows
from the bronchi 
bronchioles  alveoli

In the alveoli, the
respiratory and circulatory
systems come together

All of the alveoli give the
lungs a surface area of
about 100 square meters
Gas Exchange

Diffusion of Oxygen (O2):
Blood Capillaries surround the
alveoli

O2 is higher in the alveoli than in
the capillaries


From breathing

Thus, O2 diffuses from the alveoli
into the capillaries

Red Blood Cells pick up the oxygen
in the lungs and deliver it to the
body

Oxygen is bound to an iron-rich
protein molecule called
hemoglobin

The iron is what makes blood red
Gas Exchange

Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)

CO2 is higher in blood than
in alveoli


Due to cell respiration
Thus, it diffuses into the
alveoli and you breathe it
out
Gas Exchange and the
Nervous System
 Regulated/Monitored
the brain stem


by
Medulla Oblongata and
Pons
Sensors in the circulatory
and respiratory systems
send signals to the brain.
Respiratory Diseases

Damage to the respiratory system
makes gas exchange more difficult

Emphysema is a lung disorder
caused mainly by smoking whereby
alveoli are destroyed

Asthma causes the bronchioles to
constrict due to muscle spasms

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease
that causes the lungs to produce a
thick, sticky mucus