Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory System
1
Purpose of the Respiratory System
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
atmosphere and the blood of the human body.
 Oxygen is needed for the process of cellular respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen  ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Filters out dust and other
large particles in the air.
Hair like structures called
cilia, line this passageway
& sweep the particles into
the throat so they won’t get
into the lungs. It also has
mucous membranes to
warm and moisten the air.
Phaynx & Larynx
PHARYNX
A location in the body that
allows air and food pass
through. This part of the
body is shared with the
respiratory and digestive
system.
LARYNX
1. It prevents food particles
from traveling down into the
lungs. A flap of tissue
called epiglottis, covers
the opening to this
structure.
2. Contains vocal cords and
helps produce vocalization.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAMlTxOrrj0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BR6BlwC_n0
Trachea
A single long tube with
cartilage rings. It is also
known as the wind pipe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiTHKH2bQN8#t=159
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iflca2KQWP4
Bronchi & Bronchioles
BRONCHI
Two small tubes that
branch off from the
trachea. They are
airways that transport
gas in and out of the
lungs.
BRONCHIOLES
The smallest and narrowest
airways of the respiratory
system. At the end there is
a bundle of air sacs.
Alveoli
Thin air sacs that are the site
of oxygen and carbon dioxide
gas exchange. The sacs are
bundled together like grapes.
Blood capillaries surround it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E
Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the
chest cavity from the
abdominal cavity.
Contractions of the muscle
expands the cavity.
Relaxation of the muscle
reduces the size of the
cavity.
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Alveoli
 Through the process of
diffusion gas moves
from an area of higher
concentration to a lower
concentration.
 The heart pumps blood
to the lungs.
 O2 diffuses into the
blood capillary
 CO2 diffuses out of the
blood capillary
How does the body know when
to inhale and exhale?
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5
The Diaphragm
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Asthma
Respiratory pathways become irritated by
environmental factors such as dust, pollen & smoke.
The bronchioles constrict. This condition is usually
genetic.
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Bronchitis
 Respiratory Pathways become infected, resulting in
coughing and production of mucus in the bronchi
and bronchioles. There are two versions of this
condition: acute (short term) & chronic (long term).
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Emphysema
 Alveoli break down, resulting in reduced surface area
needed for gas exchange with alveoli’s blood
capillaries. The person has great difficulty exhaling.
Most common cause is cigarette smoke.
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Lung Cancer
 Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue can lead to a
persistent cough, shortness of breath, bronchitis, or
pneumonia, and can lead to death.
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Pneumonia
 Infection of the lungs that caused by a bacteria or
virus. The alveoli are damaged and collect fluids.
This leads to a high fever and difficulty breathing.
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Tuberculosis
 A bacterium infects the lungs,
resulting in less elasticity of
the blood capillaries
surrounding alveoli, thus
decreasing effective gas
exchange between the air and
blood. This bacteria can easily
be transmitted through the air
and contaminated objects.
Some bacterium are antibiotic
resistant.