Transcript What is Respiration?

What is Respiration?
The chemical process of getting energy out of food.
Oxygen
Food
Energy
Gas Exchange
• Physical methods that organisms have for
obtaining oxygen from their surroundings
and removing excess carbon dioxide
Respiratory Surface
• When oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged between an organism and its
environment, the gases pass through a
boundary surface
– Thin-walled
– Moist
– In contact with transport system
The Respiratory System has many
parts
Nasal Cavity
• Is lined with
mucous
membranes,
which warm,
moisten and filter
the air.
Pharynx
• Throat cavity
where trachea
and esophagus
meet.
• The epiglottis
keeps food from
entering the
trachea.
Larynx
• Is the voice box.
• As air is breathed in
and out, the vocal cords
vibrate to make
sounds.
Trachea
• Tube lined with
rings of cartilage
(for strength and
support).
• Lined with ciliated
mucous membranes
for trapping
microscopic
particles.
Bronchi
• Tube which enters
each lung.
Bronchioles
• Bronchi subdivide
many times
forming
bronchioles.
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Alveoli
• Are at the end of the
bronchioles.
• Sacs surrounded by
capillaries.
• This is where the
exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide
takes place
(respiratory surface).
Surface Area
• The alveoli
increase the
surface area for
gas exchange.
• The surface area
of all the alveoli
equals the surface
area of a football
field!
Diaphragm
• A sheet of
smooth
muscle which
changes the
size of the
chest cavity.
DO NOW:
1. What are the 3 functions of
part A?
2. What is the name of part B?
3. What is the name of part C?
4. What is the name of part D?
5. What is the name of Part E?
Mechanics of Breathing
• Mechanical process of taking air
into and out of the lungs
Inhalation
• When inhaling, the
diaphragm contracts,
causing the chest
cavity to enlarge.
• This contraction
creates a vacuum,
which pulls air into
the lungs.
Exhalation
• The diaphragm
relaxes and
moves up
• The volume of
the chest cavity
decreases
• Air is forced out
Chemical Formulas for gas
exchange
• Oxygen is carried
by the red blood
cells as
oxyhemoglobin
[Hb(O2)4]
• Carbon dioxide
is carried in the
form of the
bicarbonate ion.
CO2 + H2O -----
H2CO3
MALFUNCTIONS
OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
BRONCHITIS
• Inflammation of the
linings of the
bronchial tubes
• Air passages
become swollen
and clogged with
mucus
• Causes coughing
and breathing
difficulty
• Caused by bacteria
or virus
BRONCHITIS
ASTHMA
• A severe allergic
reaction.
• Constriction of
the bronchioles
makes breathing
difficult.
ASTHMA
EMPHYSEMA
• Walls of the
alveoli break
down
• Less respiratory
surface
• Shortness of
breath
PNEUMONIA
• Disease caused by bacteria or
viruses.
• Alveoli fill with fluid.
• Prevents gas exchange.
LUNG CANCER
• Tumors form in the lungs as a
result of uncontrollable cell
reproduction.
• The diagram
below represents
part of a capillary
in a specific
region of the
human body. The
region labeled X
represents part of
(1) a glomerulus
(2) an alveolus
(3) a villus
(4) the liver
In humans, gas exchange and gas transport
occur as a result of the functioning of a
system of
(1) phloem tubes
(2) lungs and blood vessels
(3) ganglia
(4) setae