Transcript 8 and 9 Review

Lessons 8 and 9
function (job)
What is the shape of a cell usually related to?
cell
• the basic unit of structure and function of
all living things
tissue
• a group of similar cells working together to
perform a specific function
organ
• A group of tissues that work together to
perform a function or task
four
• There are _____ basic types of tissue in
animals:
• muscle tissue
• nervous tissue
• connective tissue
• epithelial tissue
the heart, brain, stomach, and lungs
• Examples of organs are:
________________
• Organs usually perform a more complex
task than a tissue.
organ system
• a group of organs that work together to
perform a complex function
Examples of organ systems are:
•
•
•
•
•
circulatory,
nervous system,
digestive system,
respiratory system, and
endocrine system
organism
• a living thing
cell-tissue-organorgan system-organism
• smallest/first/least complex
– organ
– organism
– tissue
– organ system
– cell
• largest/last/most complex
organs
• Which are more complex, tissues or
organs?
tissues
• Which are more complex, tissues or cells?
organ systems
• Which are more complex, organ systems
or organs?
yes
• Can an organ belong to more than one
organ system?
• For example, the heart is part of the
circulatory and respiratory systems.
• Can unicellular organisms have tissues,
organs, or organ systems?
• No. Tissues are made of more than one
cell.
cellular respiration
• the process in which oxygen is combined
with glucose to release energy
respiratory system
• the body system that takes in oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide
lungs
• elastic, sponge-like organs in the chest
(the main organs of the respiratory
system)
Lung
alveoli
• tiny air sacs within the lungs where gases
are exchanged between the lungs and the
blood
alveoli
• tiny air sacs within the lungs where gases
are exchanged between the lungs and the
blood
capillaries
• the smallest blood vessels
• connect the arteries and veins
• they exchange gases and nutrients
between the blood and body cell
oxygen
alveoli
• ___________________ enters the blood
• through the thin walls of the
• ___________________
trachea
• the tube that transports air from the throat
to the lungs
• also called the
windpipe
bronchi
• a pair of tubes that branch off of the
trachea and enter the lungs
diaphragm
• a sheet-like muscle just below the lungs
that expands and contracts the chest
cavity to control breathing
circulatory system
• the transport system that uses blood to
carry nutrients, oxygen, etc. to the cells of
the body and carries wastes away from
the cells
heart
• a muscular organ that pumps blood
throughout the body
atria/atrium
• the upper chambers of each side of the
heart
ventricles
• the lower chambers of each side of the
heart
arteries
• blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart (with oxygen)
• (shown in red)
veins
• blood vessels that carry blood toward the
heart (without oxygen)
• (shown in blue)
valve
• structures found in the heart that keep the
blood flowing forward
They open up to let the blood move
ahead, then they close quickly to
keep the blood from flowing
backward.
What do heart
valves do?
• Your blood relies on four special valves
inside the heart.
• A valve lets something in and keeps it
from going backward.
• These valves all work to keep the blood
flowing forward.
• They open up to let the blood move
ahead, then they close quickly to keep the
blood from flowing backward.
What makes the sound of your
heartbeat?
• This sound comes from the valves closing
and shutting on the blood inside the heart.
• A healthy heart makes a lub-dub sound
with each beat.
What does the right side of
your heart do?
• The right side of your heart receives
oxygen poor blood from the body (and
pumps it to the lungs).
What does the left side of your
heart do?
• The left side of the heart receives oxygen
rich blood from the lungs and pumps it out
to the body.
• Left comes from the Lungs
Explain how gas exchange
takes place in the alveoli.
• Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood into
capillaries.
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out from the
blood in capillaries to alveoli.
Alveolus
Body
Cell
Capillary
Explain how gas exchange
takes place in cells.
Oxygen diffuses out from the blood in the
capillaries into cells.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells to blood
in capillaries.
plasma
• a yellowish fluid that is mostly water in
which blood cells are suspended; it also
contains dissolved nutrients, minerals,
salts, and gases
red blood cells
• blood cells that carry oxygen to the cells of
the body and carry carbon dioxide from
cells back to the lungs
white blood cells
• the type of blood cells that help the body
fight disease by attacking invading
microorganisms and making antibodies to
fight infection
platelets
• cell fragments that help form blood clots to
stop bleeding
Blood is
made up of
about:
50% plasma
48% red
blood cells
2% platelets
and white
blood cells