Transcript Cells to Body Systems

Cells to Body Systems
Cells
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The basic unit of function in
living things.
Most cells can only be seen
under a microscope; they are
microscopic.
All organisms (any living thing
that maintain life) are made
up of cells.
Some organisms have only
one cell. Most plants and
animals are made of many
cells.
Different types of cells have
different jobs.
Cells work together to carry
out life processes.
Plant & Animal Cells
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All cells have similar
structures.
Every cell is surrounded by
a cell membrane.
Most cells have a nucleus
that directs all of the cell’s
activities.
The cytoplasm is a jellylike material that separates
the cell membrane and the
nucleus.
Comparing Plant & Animal
Cells
Nucleus
Cell
Wall
Chloroplast
No cell
walls
Chromosome
Plant
Cell
Membrane
Animal
No
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Vesicles
Bacterial Cells
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Not all bacteria are
harmful.
Single-celled.
Some help enrich the soil
by breaking down dead
plants & animals.
Some help us digest food.
Cheese & yogurt form
when certain bacteria mix
with milk.
They do not have a
nucleus or membranebound organelles.
Their chromosomes and
other materials are in the
cytoplasm.
Protist
Some are single-celled organism.
 A simple organism with a nucleus and
organelles.
 Plant-like protists have cell walls and
chloroplasts.
 Animal-like protists have no cell walls or
chloroplasts.
 Diatomas, algae, and amoeba are protists.
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Cell, Tissue, Organ
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Cells that work together to carry out a
function make up tissue.
Our bodies contain 4 kinds of tissue.
Tissues work together to form a organ
(several kinds of tissue working together
for the same function).
Our skin, heart, and lungs are organs.
An organ system are organs that work
together to do a job for your body.
The Digestive System
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The digestive system
breaks down food into
chemical nutrients that our
body needs for food,
energy, and repair.
Nutrients are absorbed into
the blood once digestion is
complete.
The Digestive System
Chemicals
break
food down into
nutrients.
Nutrients are
moved into the
blood.
Blood moves
the
nutrients into
each of the
body’s cells.
Body Organization
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Our body is organized to keep us alive and healthy.
Each cell
works
to keep
itself
healthy.
Cells work
with other
cells to
form
tissue.
Tissues
work
together in
organs.
Organs
work
together
in
systems.
Systems
work
together
to keep
our body
functional.
Circulatory System
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Made up of the heart, the blood
vessels, and the blood.
One of the most important
systems in the body.
Transport oxygen, nutrients,
and wastes through the body.
The heart is the pump in the
circulatory system.
Blood travels from the heart
through the arteries to the
capillaries around the body.
Circulatory System: Blood
Flow
Blood flows
from the
lungs
to the heart
through
veins.
From the
heart, blood
flows
through
arteries.
From the
arteries,
it flows
through
capillaries.
From
capillaries,
it flows
back to the
heart
through
veins.
Respiratory System
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A group of organs and tissues that
exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the lungs.
The lungs are the main organ of this
system.
Oxygen rich blood is carried from
the lungs to the heart through the
pulmonary veins.
Oxygen poor blood is carried from
the heart to the lungs through the
pulmonary arteries.
The circulatory and respiratory
systems work together to provide
the body’s cells with oxygen.
Respiratory System: Oxygen
from the air to our blood
Oxygen is
inhaled
when
we breathe
air.
Oxygen
travels
town the
trachea to the
bronchi and
then to
alveoli.
Next, it
passes
into the
capillaries.
Then, it is
carried by
red blood
cells.
Skeletal System
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Structures that support and protect
your body.
Includes bones, cartilage, and
ligaments.
Without your skeleton system you
would not be able to stand or sit and
your body would be at risk for injury.
The skeletal system works with the
muscular system.
Muscular System
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Includes muscles and tendons that
move bones.
Skeletal muscles support and
move your body.
Skeletal muscles often work in
pairs.
There are two kinds of muscles:
smooth muscles and cardiac
muscles.
Nervous System
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Help you sense your environment and react
to it.
Has two parts: central nervous system and
peripheral nervous system.
The central nervous system is made up of the
brain and spinal cord. It receives and
interprets signals from your body. It controls
automatic functions.
The peripheral nervous system is made of
sensory organs. Sensory receptors detect
changes in our environment.
Reflexes are automatic response to certain
stimuli.
Excretory System
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Removes wastes such as
ammonia from your body.
Components of this
system include the
kidneys, liver, lungs, and
skin.
The excretory system is
responsible for regulating
water balance in various
body fluids.
Video
Questions
What are the parts of plant and animal cells?
 What are the different systems and roles of
multi-cellular organisms?
 How do cells work together as tissues?
 What are the processes of formation from
tissues to organ systems?
 What types of systems and roles are in the
human body?
 How do those body system interact?
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