Transcript Chapter 3 Review PP

Chapter 3 Review
Human Body Systems
Category: Protecting the Body
What is a pathogen?
A micro-organism that
causes disease.
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Category: Respiratory System
Explain how we inhale?
The rib muscles and
diaphragm contract
(flattens), increasing
the volume of the
chest cavity and
decreasing the
pressure. This forces
air into the lungs.
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Category: Systems Working Together
How are the circulatory and
respiratory systems linked?
The circulatory system
delivers the oxygen
acquired by the
respiratory system. It
also brings carbon
dioxide waste back to
the lungs so that it can
be exhaled.
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Category: Circulatory System
What are the names of the four
chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right
ventricle, left atrium,
left ventricle.
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Category: Circulatory System
Which chambers of the heart
contain oxygenated blood?
Left atrium, left
ventricle.
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Category: Digestive System
What is the function of
the large intestine?
To reabsorb water
and where fibre and
other undigested
materials are stored.
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Category: Digestive System
What chemical does the liver
produce to help digest fats?
Where is this chemical stored?
Bile, stored in the
gall bladder.
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Category: Digestive System
What three organs
are involved with
digestion, but not
part of the
pathway food goes
through?
Pancreas,
Gall bladder, Liver
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Category: Protecting the Body
Give three examples of barriers
that are part of the body’s first line
of defense against invaders.
Any of: skin (acidic),
nostrils (hair), ears (wax),
eyes (tears), lining of
mouth/nose/trachea
(mucus and cilia), acid in
stomach
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Category: Respiratory System
What is the trachea?
A hard, ridged tube
that leads air to
the lungs.
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Category: Circulatory System
What type of blood vessel
contains valves? Why?
Veins contain valves
so that blood cannot
flow backwards as it
loses pressure.
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Category: Respiratory System
What is the difference between
breathing and respiration?
Breathing is the regular movement of air into and out
of the lungs, while respiration is the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the
bloodstream and tissues.
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Category: Protecting the Body
How do white blood cells protect our
body from invaders?
After a chemical released by the invader causes white
blood cells to be attracted to the area, they engulf
and digest the invaders.
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Category: Respiratory System
What is the
name of
structure #8?
Left Lung
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Category: Excretory System
What are the tiny tubules in
the kidneys called?
Nephrons
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Category: Protecting the Body
What is an antigen?
A chemical produced
by a pathogen which
signals our body to
make antibodies.
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Category: Respiratory System
What is the
name of
structure #6?
Bronchus
(plural: bronchi)
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Category: Excretory System
What waste product is
produced by the
excretory system?
Where is it stored?
How does it leave the
body?
Urine is produced and
stored in the bladder and
leaves out the urethra.
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Category: Circulatory System
Why are ventricles more
muscular than atria?
They must pump
blood much farther
than the atria (to
distant tissues).
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Category: Respiratory System
What is the name of the tiny
air sacs in the lungs?
Alveoli
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Category: Protecting the Body
What is the body’s third line
of defense?
The immune system
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Category: Digestive System
What is the path of
food through the
digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum,
anus.
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Category: Circulatory System
Starting with the
right atrium,
what is the path
of blood?
Right atrium, right
ventricle, lungs, left
atrium, left ventricle,
aorta, artery, body
cells, veins, vena cava,
right atrium, repeat.
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Category: Digestive System
What are chemicals that help speed
up digestion called?
Enzymes
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Category: Circulatory System
Does the indicated chamber pump
oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated (it is
being sent to the
lungs to become
oxygenated).
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Category: Respiratory System
What is the function of the
epiglottis?
It covers the opening of
the trachea when you
swallow so that food
cannot enter the lungs.
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Category: Excretory System
What structure carries urine down
to the bladder?
The ureter
(plural: ureters)
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Category: Respiratory System
What nutrient does the respiratory
system supply to the body? What
waste does it remove?
Nutrient: oxygen.
Waste: carbon dioxide.
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Category: Protecting the Body
Give an example of a way that a pathogen
can enter the body without encountering
the first two lines of defense.
Any of: drinking
contaminated water,
eating contaminated
food, insect bites.
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Category: Circulatory System
What is the function of an
artery?
To carry blood
away from the
heart.
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Category: Protecting the Body
What is a sign that the body’s second
line of defense is working?
Production of pus.
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Category: Digestive System
What is the function
of structure #6?
Majority of
digestion and
absorption of
nutrients from
food.
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Category: Respiratory System
How does oxygen enter the
bloodstream from the alveoli?
By diffusion (it moves from
an area where it is in high
concentration – the lungs, to
an area in lower
concentration – bloodstream.
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Category: Protecting the Body
What is the body’s second line of
defense against invaders?
White blood cells.
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Category: Circulatory System
What is the name
of the indicated
structure?
Left ventricle
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Category: Protecting the Body
What are two ways that we can
become immune to a pathogen?
By producing our own antibodies after being exposed
to the pathogen, or by receiving a vaccination.
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