Transcript Respiratory and Excretory Systems

RESPIRATION AND
EXCRETION
EXCRETION
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Definition:
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Why do we excrete?
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What do we excrete?
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From where do we excrete?
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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The respiratory system excretes waste.
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the
circulatory system and carbon dioxide out.
Respiration means the transfer of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between external and internal
environment. (the lungs)
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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The Nasal Cavity
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Air enters nose
Air is warmed
Nose is lined with cilia
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Cilia filters our particles
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Pharynx (a.k.a. throat)
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Passageway for air and food
Mouth and Nose meet
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Larynx
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Voice box and vocal cords
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Trachea
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Wind pipe
Surrounded by cartilage rings to prevent collapse
Lined with cilia
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Cilia “beat” upwards to remove foreign particles (makes
you cough)
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Bronchi
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Trachea divides into 2 tubes
Bronchi extend into lungs and then divide into
even smaller tubules called bronchioles
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Bronchioles
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No cartilage
Lined with mucus
Connects bronchi with air sacs, called alveoli
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Alveoli
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Functional unit of gas exchange
One cell thick, allows for easy diffusion
Moist, thin walls
Surrounded by capillaries
DIFFUSION
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Lungs
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Surrounded and protected by 12 pairs of ribs
Consist of bronchus, bronchioles and alveoli
Separated from abdomen by diaphragm
PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
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Diaphragm
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Muscular tissue that separates lungs from
abdomen
Muscle contracts and relaxes when you breathe
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Hiccups are a spasm of the diaphragm
Gas Exchange
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Breathing is the movement of air into and out
of the lungs.
Breathing is controlled by the medulla in the
brain.
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2 Parts
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Inhalation
Exhalation
Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
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Inhalation
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Ribs pull up and out
Diaphragm pulls down
Chest cavity enlarges
Pressure around lungs decreases
Outside pressure is greater than inside
Air rushes into lungs, inflating them
Gas Exchange
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Exhalation
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Ribs relax down
Diaphragm becomes flat
Chest cavity is reduced
Pressure around lungs increases as ribs go down
Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
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Breathing is controlled by the medulla
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Breathing rate is controlled by the amount of
carbon dioxide in the blood
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In increase in CO2 = increased breathing rate
Decrease in CO2 = decrease in breathing rate
External vs. Internal
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External Respiration
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Gas exchange between alveoli and blood
Internal Respiration
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Gas exchange between blood and body cells
Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Asthma
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Constriction of bronchi
Makes breathing difficult
Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Bronchitis
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Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles
Swollen, mucus clogged bronchioles
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Produces a cough
Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Emphysema
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Degeneration of the walls of the alveoli
Results in lack of elasticity
Causes shortness of breath
Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Pneumonia
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Alveoli fill with fluid
Makes gas exchange in lungs, difficult
Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Lung Cancer
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Tumors within the lung
More frequent in smokers
Excretion
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The removal of metabolic (toxic) wastes from
the cells.
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Why do we excrete?
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What do we excrete?
Kidney
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The kidneys are part of the urinary
system/excretory system.
Kidney
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The kidneys filter the blood, removing the
toxic urea and salts from the bloodstream.
The kidneys make urine.
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Urine is urea, salts and water
Kidney
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Parts of the urinary system
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Kidney
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Kidney Blood Flow
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The renal artery brings blood, rich in urea, to
the kidney for filtering.
The renal vein brings filtered blood out of the
kidney.
Kidney
Structures of the kidney
Nephron
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The functional unit of the kidney is the
nephron.
The kidney contains millions of nephrons.
The nephrons are the filtering unit of the
kidney.
Nephron structures
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Drawing of nephron
From the Bodies exhibit
Liver
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The liver gets rid of RBC’s.
The liver removes toxic substances from the
blood and converts them to less toxic forms.
Urea is made in the liver.
Skin
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Sweat is a form of excretion.
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Why do humans sweat?
Sweat is made up of water, salts and a little
bit of urea.
Disorders of the Excretory System
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Gout
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Inflammation in joints due to deposit of uric acid
Can be due to too much protein in diet
Disorders of the Excretory System
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Kidney Stones
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Calcium deposits in the kidney.
An ultrasound machine may be used to try and
break up the stones into smaller pieces
Disorders of the Excretory System
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Kidney Disease
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Can be caused by heavy metals (mercury, lead)
May be treated with dialysis
Disorders of the Excretory System
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Cirrhosis of the liver
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Caused by too much alcohol
Liver is enlarged
Representative Organisms
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Protist (amoeba or paramecium)
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Waste products:
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NH3 (ammonia), salts H2O
CO2
Structures:
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Cell membrane – wastes are excreted by the process of
________________
Contractile vacuole – collects and pumps
____________ out of organism
Representative Organisms
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Hydra
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Waste products:
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NH3, salts, H2O
CO2
Structures:
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Cell membrane – wastes are excreted by the process of
________________
Excess water is pumped out by _____________
transport (requires energy)
Representative Organisms
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Earthworm
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Waste Products:
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Urine – H2O, salt, urea, NH3
CO2
Structures:
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Nephridia-pair of excretory organs that lead outside the
body
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Nephridia absorb wastes from the blood and release them
out of pores
CO2 diffuse through moist skin
Representative Organisms
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Grasshopper
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Waste Products:
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Uric Acid (instead of urine)
CO2
Structures:
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Malpighian Tubules- filter uric acid from the blood
Uric Acid gets deposited into digestive tract so a
grasshopper “poops” uric acid
CO2 is excreted through special air sacs called spiracles