Transcript Muscular, Skeletal, and Digestive Systems

Body Systems: Skeletal, Muscular,
and Digestive
Levels of Organization ~ Organ Systems
Well how many systems do each of us
have?
Humans (mammals)











Circulatory
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Reproductive
Muscular
Excretory
Skeletal
Endocrine
Integumentary
Nervous
Digestive
Skeletal System
Introductory
video clip –
Click Here!
Skeletal– Functions (jobs)
1. Gives shape and support
2. Movement
3. Protects internal organs
4. Makes blood cells
5. Stores calcium and other
minerals.
Skeletal– Structures (parts)
 Marrow- the inner
part of the bone that
makes red blood cells,
white blood cells, and
platelets
 Ligaments- tissue that
connects one bone to
another bone
 Cartilage- flexible
connective tissue that is
found on the ends of
bones to reduce
friction
Joints—Where 2 bones meet
 Immoveable (fixed)- does not move




(skull)
Pivot- movement around a point
(neck)
Ball and Socket- allows 360 degree
motion (shoulder and hip)
Hinge- allows for open and close
motion (knees and elbows
Sliding- bones glide past one another
(hands and feet)
What did one bone say to the
other bone?
Will you be “jointing” me
tonight for dinner? LOL
Do all animals have a skeleton
like ours? Nope!
Scorpion
Sea Urchin
Not this guy! His
skeleton is an
exoskeleton (it is on
the outside of his
body)
Nautilus
Not him either!
Although he has an
endoskeleton, it is
still much
different than
ours.
Not this one either.
His skeleton is an
endoskeleton, but
much different
than ours.
Nope! At least he
has a backbone
like us.
Sting ray
Disorders of the skeletal system
Osteoporosis -- weakening of bone due to loss of calcium.
Usually in old age.
Muscular System
Introductory
Video:
Click Here
Muscular--Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stability and Posture
Motion
Heat Production
Circulation
Digestion
Involuntary Muscles (not in our control)
Food digestion
Circulation
3 Types of Muscles
Cardiac Musclemuscle found in the
heart
Skeletal Musclemuscle attached to your
bones and helps you
move
Smooth Musclelines organs such as
blood vessels, stomach
and digestive tract.
Voluntary (control) or Involuntary (no control)??
How are our muscles attached to our
bones?
Tendons attach our muscle to our
bones.
The skeletal system and the muscular
system work together for movement
Try this out on your own arm.
Bend it. Which muscle is “bulging” or shortening? Which one is lengthening?
Straighten it. Now, which muscle is “bulging” or shortening? And lenghthening?
Muscles help us do WORK.
 What is work and when is it really done?
Work is done when force is applied over a
distance.
In which
picture is
work being
done?
Force
Distance
Force
Distance
Levers in the Human Body
Structures/Types of Muscle, contd.
Skeletal muscles that move your body around come in two
varieties: flexors and extensors.
Flexors and extensors usually work in pairs, as seen here:
i. flexor – bends a joint (biceps)
ii. extensor – straightens a joint
(triceps)
biceps bendstriceps
straightens it
the arm
Disorders
Muscular dystrophy is a disease where a person’s
muscles weaken after birth and the sick have little
control over them. Over time, people with M.D. will
often end up in wheelchairs as their muscles fail them.
Their minds are completely healthy, though. No cure
currently exists for this disease. The MDA (Jerry’s
Kids) is the most prominent charity searching for a
cure.
Systems working together
1. Skeletal and Circulatory
2. Skeletal and Muscular
 Bone
marrow
makes red
and white
blood cells
and
platelets.
 Muscles contract and relax
to make the bones move.
Digestive System
Introductory Video:
Click Here
Digestive– Functions (jobs)
1. Physical breakdown of food
2. Chemical breakdown of food
3. Movement of food through the system
4. Absorption of nutrients
5. Elimination of waste
1. mouth
2. esophagus
Digestive–
Structures
(parts)
3.
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. large intestine
6. anus
Disorders of the digestive system
 Appendicitis – inflammation of the appendix;
Doctors typically treat appendicitis with antibiotics and
surgery to remove the appendix.