Transcript Animal Systems Notes

Animal Systems
Intro. to Ag
The Skeletal System
Function:
• __________and _________
• Protects _________
• Provides ___________
Made up of:
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•
__________
__________ _________ (muscle)
___________
The Skeletal System
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Cartilage
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Firm tissue, not as hard as bone, somewhat
flexible
Found more dominantly in immature animals
Over time, hardens into bone, increases
bone size
Sometimes used to determine age of animal
at slaughter
The Skeletal System
• Bones
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Attach to muscles
Provide means for movement
Storage of body’s mineral supply
Blood formation in hollow centers
The Skeletal System
• Bone Structure
– Outer layer that cushions the hard portion of
the bone and aids in repair: PERIOSTEUM
– Layer of hard mineral matter: COMPACT
BONE
• Mostly calcium
– Spongy appearing layer containing marrow to
create blood cells: SPONGY BONE
– Inside, hollow portion of the bone for storage
of fat cells and energy: YELLOW MARROW
The Skeletal System
• Types of Bones
– Long Bones
– Short Bones
– Irregular Bones
– Flat Bones
– Joints
The Skeletal System
• Long Bones
» Examples: Leg Bones, Arm Bones, Rib Bones (ML), Pelvic Bones
(ML)
» ML= Modified Long Bones
The Skeletal System
• Short Bones
» Examples: Bones found in the joints and serve as
hinges
The Skeletal System
• Irregular Bones
» Examples: Vertebrae
The Skeletal System
• Flat Bones
» Examples: Bones in Head
The Skeletal System
• Joints
» Connect Bones with tough tissue called ligaments
The Skeletal System
Skeletal System Project!
Separate into groups of 3
Muscular System
Function:
– Allow Movement
– Allow proper functioning of organs
• 3 types of muscles :
– Skeletal
– Smooth
– Cardiac
Muscular System
• Skeletal Muscles
– Most muscles
– Allow movement
– Long and narrow
– Voluntary Muscles
– Muscles connect to bones using tendons
Muscular System
• Skeletal Muscles (Con’t)
– Many mitochondria and striated
– 2 types of skeletal muscles
• Red muscles (high myoglobins, slow contraction,
endurance)
– Leg, thigh, and arm muscles
• White muscles (Low myoglobins, fast contraction,
strong, fatigue easily)
– Chest and breast muscles
Muscular System
• Smooth Muscles
– Controls movements of internal organs
– One nucleus and no striation
– Involuntary Muscles
Muscular System
• Cardiac Muscles
– Controls the heart
– Shares characteristics of smooth and skeletal
muscles
– Amazing stamina
Digestive System
BELL RINGER!!!
• On a piece of paper, draw the path food
takes from when it enters the body until it
reaches the end of the digestive system
Digestive System
• Function
– Takes _______and turns it into _________
• Two main types of systems:
– _____________
– _____________
Digestive System
• Monogastric
– Simple ___________
– _______ compartment
– Examples:
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_____________
_____________
Digestive System
– What makes a horse different?
• What is a _________?
Digestive System
Monogastrics (con’t)
• Cannot eat large amounts of __________
– Foods must have _______ ____________ of
nutrients
• What are the three sections of the small
intestine?
• ____________
• ____________
• ____________
Digestive System
Define their function:
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Mouth
Teeth
Tongue
Saliva
Esophagus
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Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Colon
Rectum
Digestive System
• Ruminant
– ____________________ Stomach
– Able to break down _________ amounts of
roughage
– Animals ______________ their food
• Balls of food are known as ________
Digestive System
• What makes a ruminant’s mouth so
special?
• Saliva is high in pH
– Because of __________ and
______________
Digestive System
True or False: Ruminants have four
stomaches.
Digestive System
• Four parts of the Ruminant Stomach:
– ____________
– ____________
– ____________
– ____________
Digestive System
• R____________ (____________)
– “____________” for indigestible materials
(_________, stones, etc.)
– Assists in ________________
• Strong muscles contract to move ____________
back up the esophagus
– Separates _________ and ________
Digestive System
• R________ (___________)
– Covered in _____________
• Aid in the ________________________
– ________________ are broken down here
• Fatty Acid and ___________
– Holds ____ to ____ gallons
Digestive System
• O_________ (_______________)
– Lined with blunt muscular papillae
– Papillae grind roughage
Digestive System
• A____________ (__________________)
– Acts and looks like a ____________ stomach
– Connects to the small intestine
Respiratory System
• Function:
– Takes _________ from the air and puts it in
the __________________
• Begins with the __________ or ________
Respiratory System
Air as it travels through the body –
– __________ / ___________
– ___________ (common passageway for food,
water, and air)
– _____________
– _____________ / ____________
– _____________
– ____________ (two branches)
– _______________
Respiratory System
• What is the importance of the diaphragm?
– ________________________________
– When it __________ it goes _______ and air
goes _______ the lungs
– When it __________ it comes _____ and
_________ air _____ of the lungs
The Circulatory System
• Function:
– To transport __________, _______, and oxygen
throughout the body
– Cleanse body by carrying _______ materials to
___________ and __________ glands
Consists of:
Heart
Blood
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Circulatory System
• The center of the system is the heart
Heart:
– Divided lengthwise by muscle called
________
– Divided width wise to make ______ distinct
chambers
– ___________ and _____________
Circulatory System
• Blood Vessels
– ___________ – ______________ Blood
– ________ – Oxygen _______ Blood
– _______________ – Tiny vessels that reach
all part of an animals body
Circulatory System
• What is special about the pulmonary vein
and artery?
Circulatory System
• Blood
– ____ of bloods contents is __________
• Which helps suspend different substances
– 3 types of blood cells
The Nervous System
• Function:
– To control all _____________ and
_____________ in the body
• Parts:
– __________
– ________ _______________
– __________
The Nervous System
• The Brain – Five parts:
– __________
– ___________
– _________________
– _______
– __________________
Endocrine System
• Function:
- To secrete ____________
- ______________ control vital bodily functions
like _________ and ____________
Endocrine System
• What are the major glands?
– __________
– ________
– ________
– _________
– ________
– ________