Transcript Amphibian (Frog)

Amphibian (Frog)
Internal systems
Digestive system
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Omnivore - Frogs eat bugs and some
plant material. They swallow the food
mostly whole and alive. The tongue,
vomerine teeth and the maxillary teeth
catch food.
Mouth (no real break down happens
here)
Throat / Pharynx swallows the food
Esophagus - food pipe where food goes
into the internal digestive system
Digestion Continued
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Liver – has three lobes and help to
break down fats and proteins
Gal bladder – helps with fats
Pancreas – helps to break down
starches, carbohydrates and
sugars involved in diabetes
Stomach – has many enzymes that
break food down further into
useable parts for the cells
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Small intestine – takes the broken down
parts of food and gets them to the cells
that need it by absorption
Large intestine – un-used food/waste is
packaged and gets ready to leave the
body.
Cloaca – large sac that holds solid and
liquid wastes and reproductive gametes
Anus – the way the material leaves the
body.
Urinary System
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Liquid waste is removed from the body
(excretory system) and blood is cleaned
The kidney cleans the blood of all liquid
toxins and then takes all un-used liquid
waste and toxins then removes it from
the body by way of the uriters to the
bladder, then to the cloaca and out the
anus. usually gametes travel with urine
from the cloaca.
The kidneys are protected by fat and
by the reproductive gland. Located by
the backbone on the dorsal surface.
Respiratory system
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The mouth and nostrils take the air
into the mouth and the air can go one
of two places, either the air sac for
sounds or the throat/ pharynx. Once
in the pharynx air goes to the
windpipe trachea and then to the
lungs. (bags of cells)
Respiratory system
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Small cells in the lungs fill with
oxygen and then push the oxygen
into the blood. (closed system)
The blood then flows to all parts
of the body by way of vessels.
Arteries carry blood; rich in
oxygen and veins carry blood;
poor in oxygen back to the lungs
to get more oxygen.
Respiratory system
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The skin is also used as a
secondary respiratory system.
Oxygen comes across the moist skin
(mucus glands keep it moist) and
then that oxygen goes directly to
the cells for “quick” energy for the
cells.
Circulatory system
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This system has all veins and arteries
to move the blood, so it is called a
closed system. Adult amphibians have a
heart that has three chambers and
pumps blood.
Heart – 2 atriums and 1 ventricle
It pumps the blood through-out the
body at a steady beat. Squeeze and
release.
Circulatory system
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Arteries – take blood from the heart
that has gotten oxygen from the lungs
and then gets it to the cells and organs
in the body.
Veins – take the blood from the organs
once they have used the blood and
returns it to the heart to get more
oxygen. (closed system, no blood is lost
or absorbed)
Circulatory system
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Kidney – cleans the blood of major
toxins
Liver – cleans the blood of toxins
Spleen – organ that makes more
blood as needed for the body.
(regulates) Blood cells cannot last
a lifetime they get worn out and
new ones are needed to replace
them
Skeletal system
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Endoskeleton made of hard bones
that protect the internal organs.
Gives shape to the frog.
Head – Skull protects the brain
Ribs and Back bone – Protect the
heart, liver and spleen
Appendages and the flanges – hind,
fore legs and the toes and give
support and help with movement
Nervous system
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Complex system. The frog has all
five senses.
He/ she can smell with its nostrils
and that information goes directly to
the brain (olfactory nerve)
He / she can taste and the tongue
and mouth take that information
directly to the brain to several
different nerves in the cortex.
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They can hear and the sound waves go
to the tympanic membrane and then to
the estuation tube then to the auditory
nerve in the brain
They can feel – they have nerves in
every part of their body to respond and
feel their surroundings
They can see light and colors these go
to the visual part of the brain and then
is processed in the cerebellum of the
brain.
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All the nerves travel through the body
by way of an organization tube called a
nerve cord. They then branch off into
groups at different points where a
ganglion then transfers the information
to the cells themselves. Information
moves to and from the body by the
ganglion and nerve cord. The nerve cord
is protected by the backbone.
The brain is very complex. The frog can
think, plan, and be taught to do simple
things.
Reproductive System
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Frogs reproduce sexually. They are
male and female
The female releases the batch of eggs
into the water and the male then
fertilizes them in the water. The eggs
stay in the water for up to two months
before they hatch. Hundreds of eggs
are laid, but only a few (100) hatch and
only about 10 become frogs and only
about 1-2 make it to adults. Eggs are
good food for lots of animals (fish)