Transcript No Slide Title

Pg 582
Animal Kingdom
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum:Vertebrate
Class: Amphibia
Tunicate larva
Tunicate Adult
Pg 580
Lancelet
Amphibians pg 608
• “dual life” (gills lungs)
• ectothermic - heat source
from outside environments
(cold blooded)
• moist environments
Orders of Amphibia
pg 610
• Anura - frogs & toads
• Urodela - salamanders &
newts
• Apoda - legless, rare
Anura - frogs & toads
•Urodela salamanders & newts
Apoda - legless, rare
What is a vertebrate?
• Endoskeleton - internal
framework
• made of cartilage and bone
• all vertebrates have an axial
skeleton and an appendicualr
skeleton pg 592
Digestion
pg 606
• begins with gullet
(opening to the esophagus)
• small intestine - absorbs
nutrients, villi (pg 727)
• large intestines - remove
water, prepare wastes
Circulation
• 3 chambered heart
• pg 607 - how many
chambers for fish?
Mammals?
pg 754 Circulation
• Closed system- blood
circulates through heart and
vascular tissue; all
vertebrates
pg 754
• Open System - very little
vascular tissue connecting to
heart, blood pumped into
body cavities; common in
most invertebrates
Circulation pg 755
• Pulmonary loop circulation between heart
and lungs/gills
• Systemic - heart to rest of
body
Circulation pg 607
• low O2 blood enters right
atrium then pumped to
ventricle, then to lungs
• from lungs high O2 blood
enters left atrium, then to
ventricle and rest of body
or back to lungs
Circulation pg 607
• What happens in the
ventricle?
• low and high O2 mix
• frogs also obtains O2 by
diffusion through skin
Circulation pg 757
• aorta - heart to body
• pulmonary - connect heart
and lungs
• arteries - move blood
away from heart
• veins - move blood
toward heart
Nervous System pg 829
• Central nervous system brain and spinal cord
• olfactory lobes - smell
• cerebrum - memory
• optic lobe - sight
• cerebellum - movement
• medulla - basic body
functions
cerebrum
cerebellum
optic Lobe
Olfactory Lobe
Medulla
Spinal Cord
Excretion
pg 607
• Kidneys - filter blood
• renal arteries & veins blood to and from kidneys
• urine stored in bladder
• cloaca - common opening
for liquid and solid wastes
to leave the body
Oviducts
Testes
Kidneys
Ureter
Eggs/Ovaries
pg 608
Reproduction
• External fertilization
• males croak to lure
females
• frogs eggs are laid in
masses, toad eggs and
strands
Only Males
Croak
External Fertilization
Frog Egg Mass
Toad Egg Mass
Other Information
• Hibernation
• aestivate - adaptations to
survive extreme heat
• largest amphibian?? Japanese
salamander “hellbender”
reaches 1.5 meters!
Aestivation – protective
skin to keep from drying
out
Aestivation
Internet Review and Frog
Lab
• Frog Lab
• Frog Exam review
activities