Transcript AMPHIBIANS

AMPHIBIANS
I. Adaptations necessary for
survival on land
A.
Fins
to
--------->
Limbs
B.
Scales
to
--------->
Thin, moist skin
C. Gills
to
Lungs
----->
Path of respiration:
Mouth -> Glottis -> Larynx -> Lungs
D. Sense organs that function in air and water:
1. Uncovered eyes to Eyelids
-glands for cleaning
-tear ducts
------>
2. Nose connected by nasal passages
to mouth
3. Eardrum and sound transmitting bones
formed:
E. Sticky protrusible tongue for catching
prey:
F. Circulatory system with double circulation:
---->
2-chambered heart with
single path of
to
circulation.
3-chambered heart with
double circulation
Path of Circulation:
Right atrium -> Ventricle -> Lungs ->Left atrium ->
Ventricle -> Body ->Right atrium, etc.
G. Development of less toxic waste:
Water organisms
have toxic ammonia
waste with high water
content.
to
Land organisms must
have less toxic waste
of urea with lower
water content.
Path of urine through excretory system:
Kidneys -> Ureters -> Bladder ->
Cloaca -> Anus
H. Despite many adaptations to life on land,
Amphibians are limited by:
1. Cutaneous (skin) respiration
2. Inability to produce concentrated
urine. (lose too much water through
excretion)
3. Eggs that can easily dry out
Reproduction:
Males grasp females in amplexus.
Females lay eggs and as they are
passing from her body , the male
releases sperm onto eggs.
Male system:
Testes -> Vas eferens -> Cloaca
Female system:
Ovaries -> Oviduct -> Cloaca
II. Three orders
of Amphibians:
A. Gymnophiona caecilians (legless amphibians)
B. Caudata - (have tail)
salamanders and newts
C. Anura - (tail-less)
frogs and toads
Phylobates terribilis
Dendrobates fantasticus
Dendrobates azureus
Epipidobates tricolor
Dendrobates pumilioBlue jeans poison dart frog
Surinam toad –
Pipa pipa
Rheobatrachus silus –
gastric brooding frog
Nyctribatrachus
minimus Indian night frog
Conraua goliath
Bufo americanus
Rana draytonii –
California red leg
Rana pipiens –
Northern leopard frog
Rana baylii –
foothill yellow
leg