Transcript Amphibians
Amphibians Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrates Class: Amphibians Examples- frogs, toads, salamanders newts The Link Amphibians-link between aquatic fish & terrestrial reptile animals. Have adaptations to move habitat from water to land “Amphibian” means “double life” Aquatic Ties Larvae Gills Tails Algae eaters Moist skin Herbivores Will suffocate if can’t get rid of CO2 Adult Must lay eggs in H2O Lack outer shell Costa Rica-Tree Frog Eggs Terrestrial Ties Adults Lungs + Moist skin Legs Carnivores Insects/amphibians More efficient heart Evolution of an Amphibian 360 million years ago Evolved from lobed-fin fish Bones in pectoral (forearms) and pelvic fins (hind legs) Homologous structures Leg bones-stronger To support the body’s weight Evolution of an Amphibian Formation of rib cage protects internal organs Evolution of an Amphibian Lateral line (vibrations in H2O) evolved into Tympanic membrane (vibrations in air) Evolution of an Amphibian Eyelids & nictitating membrane (goggles, keep moisture in) Evolution of an Amphibian Nares-detect air borne scents 1st amp.-large # vertebrate on land went up no competition for food smaller-survived Climate changed decrease # and size Traits of Amphibians 1. Metamorphosischange form Aquatic larvae= terrestrial adult Traits of Amphibians 2. Cold-blooded-ectotherms Use environment to regulate temperature Traits of Amphibians 3. Ext. fertilization Need H2O Jelly-coated Eggs No shells Traits of Amphibians 4. Feet, if present, lack claws Often webbed Traits of Amphibians 5. Moist porous skin Cutaneous Respiration In O2 & H2O Out CO2 & H2O Traits of Amphibians 6. Respire = gills, lungs, skin Number of species 4500 different species of amphibians Anura Means: tailless Lay jelly-coated eggs in H2O 3800 species of frogs & toads Tadpoles- compact bodies Tongue sticky, long Anura Frog Smooth skin Jump= powerful hind legs Live near H2O Toad Rough bumpy skin Poisonous glands Only walk Live on land (moist) Urodela 400 different species= salamanders& newts Long tails Elongated bodies Moist skin 4 limbs Lay eggs in H2O Worldwide- except Australia Apoda or Gymnophiona “legless” amphibians 160 species Caecilians 12” long Live tropics in dirt/soil Eat Insects Life of a Frog (Metamorphosis) Larvae (fish-like) Gills Fin-like tail 2 chamber heart Closed system 1 loop Life of a Frog (Metamorphosis) Adult Lungs Legs Closed system 3 chamber heart 2 loop system External covering/moist skin 1. Respiration (cutaneous) thin, moist skin-if skin dries suffocation b/c increase CO2 Most active @ nightcooler, more moisture Mucus glands- more moisture 2. Protection Some poisonous Most secrete a foul tasting substance Skin-camouflaging “Extra Eyes” Puff-up eyes/bodies Poison Dart Frog Nervous system/Sensory Organs Same size as fish No care process for young Sight-well developed Eyes=large @ top Detect prey Eyelids Nictitating membrane “goggles” while swimming Keep eyes moist Nervous System/Sensory Organs Sound- tympanic membrane Pick up vibrations Connects to Eustachian Tube NOT EARS!!!! Smell-Nares Internal & External High Set Internal Structures Endoskeleton Adaptations: Radius, ulna are fused Tibia,fibula fused Beginning of joints Digestive System Larvae-herbivores Adult-carnivores Starts in the mouth 2 kinds of teeth Gripping/holding prey Forcing it down gullet DO NOT CHEW!!!!! Pharynx (back of throat) Gullet (opening to esophagus) Esophagus Stomach Where protein digestion occurs Digestive System heart Small intestine No pyloric caeca Small Proteins, lipids, & carbs. intestines digestion Get enzymes from pancreas (insulin), liver (makes bile), and gall Large bladder (stores bile) intestines Large intestine NO DIGESTION Removes excess H2O Food molecules absorbed into blood Storage of food until sent to cloaca to be removed liver Digestive System Cloaca Similar to the urogenital opening BUT… Digestive AND urogenital systems meet here Stores urine, sex cells, & feces until released Vent Similar to anus Everything exits hereurine, sex cells, feces. Circulatory System Larvae (fish-like) ills **Larvae ody 1 loop system 2 chambered heart Adult 2 loop system 3 chambered heart Circulatory System Systemic Circulation blood travels from heart to body and back to heart Pulmonary Circulation blood travels from heart to lungs and back to heart Blood Circulation Respiratory System 2 types: Respire through moist skin-cutaneous Mouth-Glottis (opening to trachea) -Trachea-Lungs Take in O2 and release CO2 “Purple bunch of grapes” Lungs Excretory System Kidneys 2, lie along back wall of frog, under reproduction organs “Long, brownish-red kidney beans” Blood into kidney Kidneys filter out nitrogenous wastes Excretory System Passes through tube called ureter Urea, salts & H2O (urine) stored in urinary bladder From cloaca, urine passes out through vent Reproductive System Male Frog: Sperm made in testes Travels through sperm ducts to cloaca Exits out vent Reproductive System Female Frog: Eggs made in ovaries Travel along oviduct where jelly-coating is applied Eggs empty out into cloaca & exit out vent when amplexus occurs Fat Bodies Female Eggs & Oviducts See “Love is In the Air” Fun Bio-Nerdy Amphibian Facts Group of frogs= Army Group of toads= Knot Fears… Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs. Bufonophobia- Fear of toads. Smallest frog= ~1cm Largest Frog= 30cm (~1 ruler) Largest Salamander Chinese Giant Salamander – critically endangered Close Eyes to Swallow Toads CANNOT give you warts!!! Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Gastric-Brooding Frog Glass Frog-See Heart Beating The End-Hop to It!!!