Transcript Intro to the Circulatory System

Intro to the Circulatory System
Question of the Day:
Do all animals have a circulatory
system?
Give support for your answer.
Aquatic Organisms
Without a Circulatory System
3
Goals for the Day
1. List the two types of circulatory systems, how
they function, and examples of organisms
that have each type of system.
2. Describe the hearts of different vertebrates
including the number of chambers and the
pathways of the blood.
Review from Friday
Circulatory Systems may be:
Open
Examples:
•Arthropods
or
Closed
Examples:
•Annelids
•Some Molluscs
•Most Molluscs
•All Vertebrate Animals
Circulatory Systems may be:
Open
or
Differences:
•Hemolymph vs. Blood
•Colorless vs. red
•No O2 vs. O2 carriers
Closed
Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems
7
Vertebrate Hearts may contain?
(chambers)
2
3
4
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
•Fish
•Amphibians
•Alligators/Crocodiles
•MOST reptiles
•Birds
•Mammals
2 chambered Heart
One circuit (single loop)
pathway through the body
Advantage: gills receive O2 –
poor blood, capillaries of the
body (systemic capillaries)
receive O2 rich blood.
Disadvantage: after leaving
gills, the blood has lower
pressure
3 chambered heart
Adaptation for life on land
2 atria and a 1 ventricle
O2 poor blood is delivered
to the lungs, and in some
cases the skin for O2
recharging.
4 Chambered Hearts
Heart divided into left and
right halves.
Advantage: Provides
adequate pressure for both
circuits (Pulmonary &
Systemic)
Comparison of Circulatory Circuits
in Vertebrates
The Human Heart has 4 Chambers
Two of Which are:
Atria
Sing., Atrium
Whose Job is to:
Receive
blood from
circulation
Two of Which are:
Ventricles
Whose Job is to:
Pump
Blood
away from
the heart
The three types of blood vessels in the
cardiovascular (Gk. kardia, heart; L. vascular, vessel)
system are
1. Veins (L. vena, blood vessel)
2. Arteries
3. Capillaries (L. capillus, hair)
Goals for the Day
15
Goals for the Day
1. Be able to list the components of the blood
and the rough percentages of each
component
2. Be able to label the major structures of the
human heart.
Question of the Day
What is the major difference between a
2 chambered and a 3 or 4 chambered
heart?
List animals that have each type of
heart.
Giant Salamander & Lungfish
Blood is composed of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Blood is composed of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plasma is composed of
1. Water 90-92%
2. Proteins 7-8%
3. Gases
4. Salts
5. Nutrients
6. Other (Hormones)
Composition of Blood
22
23
Goals for the Day
1. Be able to label the major structures of the
human heart.
Question of the Day
1. What are the major components of the blood?
For each component list its characteristics.
26
Composition of Blood
Composition of Blood
29
Intro to the Respiratory System
Goal for the Day:
Learn the similarities and
differences between the
respiratory system of humans and
other organisms
Question of the Day:
Do all animals have lungs or gills?
What has to be true about
animals that lack these?
Question of the Day:
Do all animals have either lungs or
gills?
What would have to be true of an
organism that lacked these
structures?
Aquatic Organisms
Without a Respiratory System
36
Requirements of all respiratory
systems
The Lining must be:
Moist
& Thin
•In order for gas to move across a
membrane there has to be a liquid for
diffusion.
Requirements of all respiratory
systems
Must Have a High:
Surface area to
Volume Ratio
Requirements of all respiratory
systems
Must
Extract:
Must
Release:
Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
Requirements of all respiratory
systems
Must
Extract:
Oxygen
Must
Release: Carbon
Dioxide
•What are the 3 “major” components of air
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Argon
• Carbon Dioxide
Respiratory surfaces include:
aquatics
In worms
Skin
Exceptions:
•Some Aquatic worms
or
Gills
Exceptions:
•Aquatic Mammals
•Organisms with no lungs or
gills (high SA/V, and thin
bodies)
Respiratory surfaces include:
aquatics
In worms
Skin
Exceptions:
•Some Aquatic worms
or
Gills
Exceptions:
•Aquatic Mammals
•Organisms with no lungs or
gills (high SA/V, and thin
bodies)
Anatomy of Gills in Bony Fishes
43
Respiratory surfaces include:
In Insects & terrestrial
arthropods
Tracheae
In terrestrial
Vertebrates
or
Lungs
Through spiracles
•Does an insect have a closed
or open circulatory system?
•What do we know about its
function then?
Exceptions:
•Amphibians (which also
breath through their skin,
thanks to the amazing
properties of water!)
Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems45
Tracheae of Insects
46
Human respiratory System Pathway
2 parts to cycle:
Air Enters through
2
4
3
Air Pathway:
•Amphibians
•MOST reptiles
Muscles Needed:
Oxygen is carried by
Which contain
Which Cells
Hemoglobin
RBCs
Which contains the metal ion:
Fe
Carbon Dioxide is carried by
Mainly as the ___ ion
Bicarbonate
(HCO3)
Dissolved in the:
Plasma
Goals for the Day:
Be able to describe the different types
of respiratory systems in organisms.
Review parts of human respiratory
system
Question of the Day:
What are the 4 major types of
respiratory surfaces?
List examples of organisms that have
each kind of respiratory surface?
Which of the following has an open
circulatory system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hydra
Earthworm
Human
Sponge
Lobster
Identify the curve that is
characteristic of hemoglobin of a
mammal that evolved at high
elevations
A. A
B. B
C. C
Which hemoglobin has the
greatest affinity for oxygen?
A. A
B. B
C. C
Closed circulatory system
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Annelida
Chordata
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Goals for the Day:
Be able to describe the different types
of respiratory systems in organisms.
Learn the major organs involved in
digestion
Question of the Day:
When the diaphragm is contracted in
which direction does air move?
(In our out of the thoracic cavity)
Explain why this is.
Goal for the day
• Be able to describe the basic path of digestion
in most animals, and where the process
begins.
• Review the evolutionary relationships within
animals
RE: Question of the Day
• When the diaphragm is contracted in which
direction does air move?
(In our out of the thoracic cavity)
Explain why this is.
Which is CORRECT about gas exchange in
humans
A. The diaphragm rises and air is pulled into the lungs
B. Air is forced down the windpipe when a person
inhales
C. The breathing rate is controlled by the
hypothalamus in the brain
D. Hemoglobin carries carbon dioxide and oxygen in
fairly equal amounts
E. As humans inhale, the pressure in the chest cavity
decreases and air is drawn into the lungs
Tracheal tubes are found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Earthworms
Hydra
Fish
Insects
Birds
Breathing in humans is usually
regulated by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The number of red blood cells
The amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Inherent genetic control
CO2 levels and pH sensors
The pituitary gland
In humans, the largest amount of
the carbon dioxide produced by the
body cells is carried to the lungs as:
A. CO2 attached to hemoglobin in the red blood
cells
B. Attached to hemoglobin circulating in the
plasma
C. The bicarbonate ion attached to hemoglobin
D. CO2 gas in solution in the plasma
E. The bicarbonate ion dissolved in the plasma
Open circulatory system,
protostome, exoskeleton
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Annelida
Chordata
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Annelida
Chordata
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Deuterostome, radial symmetry as
an adult
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Annelida
Chordata
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes