Transcript Chapter 3 Learning(I)

Chapter 2 Learning (I)
Classical Conditioning
Instinct
 Salmon
 Weaver
Bird
 Reflex—a simple innate behavior
 Fixed action pattern (FAP)—a ~
is an instinctual chain of
movements found in all
members of a species. It
prepare animals to meet major
needs in their lives
Question: Do Human Have Instincts?
 Human
have reflexes
 But most psychologist reject
the idea that human have
instincts
—species specific
 Learning vs. Instinct
our learning gives us more
flexibility and adaptability
Learning: The Definitions
A
relatively permanent change
due to experience (text book)
 The modification through
experience of pre-existing
behavior and understanding
(Psychology 7th edition 2006)
 A process that results in a
relatively consistent change in
behavior or behavior potential,
is based on experience
(Psychology and Life 18th edition.)
Keys to Learning
 Change
(potential)
 Experience
excludes temporary change
caused by fatigue,
maturation, disease, injury,
or drugs

Permanent, enduring, consistent
 Active
or passive?
Associative Learning
 Learning
that certain events
occur together. The events
may two stimuli (as in
classical conditioning) or a
response and its
consequences (as in operant
conditioning)
Behaviorism

1.
2.

the view that psychology
should be an objective science
that
studies behavior without
reference to mental processes
Describe, understand, predict
and control
Classical (Pavlovian, Respondent)
Conditioning

Pavlov’s Experiments
UCSUCR
Neutral Stimulus (NS) No response
 NS+UCS UCR
NS can produce the target R
independently, so it is called CS,
and the former UCSUCR
 CS CR

Elements of Classical Conditioning
 Acquisition
 Extinction
& Spontaneous
Recovery
 Stimulus Generalization
in the experiment; phobia; babyface
 Stimulus Discrimination
in the experiment; sounds of
parents
(an anecdote)
Second-order conditioning
 Lemonade
powder
+ Pavlov
 Salivation
 望梅止渴
 Succulent
 how to learn a new
word efficiently
 品牌
Factors Influence Classical C.
 The
intensity of the UCS
(reinforcer)
 The numbers of parings of the CS
and the UCS
 Timing
 New directions
Applications of Classical C.
 Immune
system (Ader &
Koon,1982)
 Explaining taste aversion
 Conditioned Emotional
Responses (CERs)
John B. Watson and his classical
experiment on phobia
 In daily life
 advertisement
Further examples



Learning to Be a Drug Addict
Siegel, S. (1982, 1984, 2005)
Trauma as Classical
Conditioning
Women in red (Daniela Niesta,
2008)