Transcript learning
Chapter 9 LEARNING LEARNING • What is learning? – A relatively permanent change in a behavioral tendency that results from experience. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING - A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus. Ivan Pavlov The Essentials of Classical Conditioning Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned response (UCR) Conditioned stimulus (CS) Conditioned response (CR) Pavlov’s Procedures • Neutral stimulus – a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of the unconditioned response. • UCS – stimulus that automatically elicits a response. • UCR – an organism’s automatic reaction to a stimulus. • CS – a stimulus that comes to evoke a particular response after being paired with the UCS. • CR – learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus. Classical Conditioning • Acquisition – the process by which a conditioned response is established or strengthened. • Extinction – the gradual disappearance of a CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS. Classical Conditioning • Spontaneous Recovery – the temporary return of an extinguished response after a delay. Classical Conditioning • Generalization – responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli. • Discrimination – the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli. Classical Conditioning • Taste aversion – the tendency in which a person learns, after a single experience, to avoid a food, if eating is followed by illness. Let’s say you have a makeup advertisement that includes an attractive celebrity…Conditioning is taking place! Neutral: makeup product UCS: attractive celebrity UCR: pleasant feelings CS: the product CR: pleasant feelings What are some other examples of classical conditioning???