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CP PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 2
Learning Theories
Section 2Q1
Richard Martel, NHS
Glencoe Publishers
Learning Theory (2Q1)
 Learning
 relatively
permanent
change in an
organism’s
behavior due
to experience
Classical Conditioning (2Q1)
Ivan Pavlov
1849-1936
Russian physician/
neurophysiologist
Nobel Prize in 1904
studied digestive
secretions
Classical Conditioning
“Pavlovia Conditioning” (2Q1)
 Classical Conditioning: when an old response
(unlearned… like salivating to food, ) becomes attached to
a new stimulus (like a noise/light etc.)
 organism learns to associate the two stimuli together
 “Neutral stimulus” does not initially elicit a response, it
must be conditioned (learned)
Pavlov repeatedly rang a tuning fork (once a neutral
stimulus) as meat powder placed on dog’s tongue
Dog salivated even if no food was given with sound
Salivation to sound becomes conditioned (learned)
Classical Conditioning (2Q1)
Classical Conditioning (2Q1)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):
event that leads to a predictable
response without training
Unconditioned Response (UCR):
reaction that occurs automatically to
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): neutral
event that with training leads to a
learned response
Conditioned Response (CR): this is
a learned response to a stimulus
UCS
(passionate
UCR
kiss)
(sexual
arousal)
CS
(onion
breath) UCS
(passionate
UCR
Kiss)
(sexual
CS
arousal)
(onion
breath) CR
(sexual
arousal)
Classical Conditioning (2Q1)
Generalization: responding to a stimulus similar to the
original one without training
Drops of saliva 60
in 30 seconds
50
40
Strongest responses
come from areas
stimulated nearest the
thigh
30
20
10
0
Pelvis Shoulder Front
Hind
paw
paw
Thigh
Trunk
Foreleg
Part of body stimulated
Classical Conditioning (2Q1)
Extinction: is when a conditioned response dies out if not
regularly linked to the unconditioned stimulus
Strength
of CR
Acquisition
(CS+UCS)
Extinction
(CS alone)
Spontaneous
recovery of
CR
Extinction
(CS alone)
Pause
Classical Conditioning (2Q1)
“Little Albert” Classical Conditioning: J. B. Watson and Raynor