Transcript Learning … It`s a Behavior Thing

Learning … It’s a Behavioral Thing
 Classical
Conditioning
 Operant Conditioning
 Vicarious Learning
Learning … It’s a Behavioral Thing
Terminology
 Stimulus – what happens to an individual
 Reinforcer – a stimulus that promotes the
chance a behavior will happen again
 Response – the action or reaction of an
individual
 Conditioning – Learning process
Learning … It’s a Behavioral
Thing
Classical Conditioning
•Start with a conditioned response
(something you already know)
•Add stimulus you don’t respond to
•You learn to respond to new stimulus
•(Examples: Pavlov’s dogs, value money,
letting someone like you, etc.)
Learning … It’s a Behavioral
Thing
Classical Conditioning
Most of our values
and fears come from
classical conditioning.
Learning … It’s a Behavioral
Thing
Classical Conditioning
Desensitization
(Reducing fear or anxiety by
repeatedly exposing a person to
emotional stimuli while the
person is deeply relaxed.)
Learning … It’s a Behavioral Thing
Operant Conditioning
 The individual (trainee) initiates the
behavior we want or a behavior
similar to what we want.
 We provide an immediate
reinforcement.
 The behavior will repeat
Learning … It’s a Behavioral Thing
Operant Conditioning
Shaping
– Gradually molding responses to a final
desired pattern.
Chaining
– Determining the order of behaviors to be
learned to produce the desired outcome.
Learning … It’s a Behavioral
Thing
Operant Conditioning
Operant extinction – Learned responses
that are not reinforced gradually fade away.
Negative Reinforcement – that
which occurs when making a response removes an
unpleasant event
Learning … It’s a Behavioral
Thing
Operant Reinforcers
Primary Reinforcers – Natural,
biological (air, food, water, sex, etc.)
Secondary Reinforcers – these are
all learned … examples: money, praise, attention, inclusion,
grades, etc.
Learning … It’s a Behavioral Thing
Partial Reinforcement
• Fixed Ratio - a set number of correct responses
equal a reinforcer
• Variable Ratio - a varied number of correct
responses equal a reinforcer
• Fixed Interval - reinforcer is given after a specific
length of time after the correct response
• Variable Interval - reinforcer is given after a varied
length of time after the correct response
Learning … It’s a Behavioral
Thing
Vicarious Learning
Observing the behavior of
someone else and the
consequences of their behavior
and directing our own behavior
according to these observation.
•
Go to assessment