Transcript MOTIVATION - Georgia Institute of Technology

WHERE’S THERE’S THE MOST LIGHT:
MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
M. JACKSON MARR, PH.D.
GEORGIA TECH
STRANGER THAN FICTION
INTELLIGENCE
PERSONALITY
ATTENTION
INTENTION
BELIEF
EXPECTATION
MIND
MOTIVATION
MOTIVATION
WHAT IT IS NOT:
1.
2.
3.
A thing or quality possessed by an organism.
(i.e., it’s not like a nose)
An explanatory concept.
(e.g., The problem of circular definition with terms
like “drive” and “will power”)
Reflective of teleology.
( The future ain’t happened yet.)
WHAT IS IT THEN?
Can refer to a field of study devoted to the specification and
analysis of those variables that control the (1)
reinforcing, (2) punishing, (3) discriminative, and (4)
eliciting properties of events.
ESTABLISHING or MOTIVATIONAL
OPERATIONS/CONDITIONS
• These conditions are comparable to initial and boundary
conditions in physics and include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
(1) deprivation
(2) stimulation
(3) temporal variations
(4) social context
(5) experiential history
(6) physiological states
LIKE MOTIVATION,
A REINFORCER IS
NOT
A THING EITHER.
Three-term Contingency
SD
SD: discriminative
stimulus
SR
Ro
Ro: operant class
SR: reinforcer
Newton’s Second Law of
Motion
F m




dv 
dt 
F: force
m: mass
dv/dt: acceleration
SHOCKING RESULTS
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
IT’S AUTOMATIC
MEN ACT UPON THE WORLD,
AND CHANGE IT, AND ARE
CHANGED IN TURN BY THE
CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR
ACTION.
B. F. Skinner, Verbal Behavior, 1957, p. 1
FEEDBACK FUNCTIONS
O-rules,
functional relations
B = f (r)
r:
B:
feedback
output
E-rules,
feedback functions
r = g (B)
Figure 1. The behavior-environment feedback system
Operant Conditioning