Transcript Programmed Instruction - Dallas Area Network for Teaching

Behavior Theory-Based Model
Learning by “operant conditioning”
From Pavlov...
To B.F. Skinner
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
claims to provide motivation and discipline,
thus alleviating so-called ‘learning blocks’
LEARNING
is considered to be a form of
behavior modification
How does behavior modification occur?
• Through
CONDITIONING
• Classic
• Operant
• In the past, Pavlov
identified classic
conditioning. Points of
interest are:
* stimulus is followed
by response
* response after
conditioning is usually
involuntary
Skinner’s idea of operant conditioning
follows this basic principle:
• In contrast to classic
conditioning:
• a response followed by
a reinforcing stimulus
is more likely to occur
again
* the response is
followed (reinforced)
by the stimulus
* the response is
voluntary
According to Skinner,
the teacher is the
reinforcer and the
student is the
operant.
BUT WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN THE
REINFORCER IS GONE?
• Without
reinforcement, the
operant can revert
back to former
behavior, thus
‘undoing’ the
learning attained
through behavior
modification. This
is known as
extinction. How on
earth can learning
take place with such
a model?
Ashley’s Dilemma
How to make students “think” when
utilizing this model.
• help students acquire “intrinsic reinforcer(s)”
• help students identify and use reinforcement
• use this model in conjunction with others
REVIEW
• Learning as a form of behavior modification
• Two types of conditioning, and the two
main differences between them
• Reinforcer / operant relationship
• Intrinsic reinforcer