Transcript Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning
What’s the Difference?


In classical conditioning, one
associates different stimuli that it
does not control.
Through operant conditioning,
one associates their behavior
with consequences.
Operant Conditioning


Subjects of operant conditioning
associate behaviors with their
consequences.
They are more likely to repeat
rewarded (reinforced) behaviors
and less likely to repeat
punished behaviors.
B.F. Skinner


Believed that
most behavior is
influenced by a
person’s history
of rewards and
punishments.
Skinner trained
rats to respond
to lights and
sounds in a
Skinner Box.



Reinforcement – stimulus or
event that follows a response
and increases the likelihood that
the response will be repeated.
Examples?
Social approval, money, extra
privileges.
Types of Reinforcement




Positive Reinforcement – something
positive is given when a desired
behavior is performed.
Negative Reinforcement – something
negative is taken away when a
desired behavior is performed.
Primary Reinforcer – Stimulus that is
naturally rewarding.
Secondary Reinforcer – Stimulus
that becomes rewarding as it is
linked with a primary reinforcer.
Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic Psychology



Said human nature was evolving
and self-directed.
Humanists believe that the
environment and other outside
forces only serve as a
background to our internal
growth.
Each person is unique and has
the potential to develop fully.
Abraham Maslow


We seek to fulfill
our potential
(selfactualization).
Studied healthy,
creative people
rather than
troubled people.
(Lincoln,
Jefferson,
Eleanor
Roosevelt)
Carl Rogers


People are
basically good
and are primed
for growth and
fulfillment (selfactualization)
He believed that
a growthpromoting
climate required
three conditions:

Genuineness,
acceptance, and
empathy.

Humanists agree that a central
figure of personality is one’s
self-concept – all the thoughts
and feelings we have in
response to the question “Who
am I?”
Discussion


What are some positive aspects
of humanistic psychology?
What may a critic complain
about with humanistic
psychology?