Transcript Unit 3: Learning and Memory

associations
associate
feelings
• Stimulus
• Response
• Conditioning
• Classical Conditioning
stimulus
• Ivan Pavlov
dogs
associations
salivate
stimuli
salivation
associations
bell
repetition
salivated
• Unconditioned Stimulus
Meat
• Unconditioned Response
Salivation
•Conditioned Response
Salivating at bell
•Conditioned Stimulus
Bell
classical conditioning
• Taste Aversion
• Extinction
conditioned response
salivate
bell
• Spontaneous Recovery
• Generalization
similar
• Discrimination
weaker
adapt
overcome fear
• Flooding
extinct
• Systematic Desensitization
relaxation
gradually
pictures
• Counterconditioning
extinct
• Operant Conditioning:
results
negative consequences
involuntary
voluntary
effects or consequences
• Reinforcement
Skinner Box
stimulus
treat
increase this behavior
•Primary Reinforcer
•Secondary Reinforcer
• Punishment
• Positive Reinforcers increase
decrease
eceives something they
want
increase
• Unpleasant
Procedure
Result
Operant Conditioning
A behavior is followed by a consequence
or reinforcement
The behavior increases in frequency
Example:
When a child cleans his room, his parents The child cleans his room more often, so
read him a story
as to hear more stories
Behavior
Result
Change
Positive Reinforcement
Studying
Enjoyment of receiving a high
grade (positive reinforcer)
Student studies more
Negative Reinforcement
Studying
Decrease fear of doing poorly
on test or being punished for
bad grades
Student studies more
Punishment
Littering
Person has to pay fine
Person stops littering
• Latent Learning
reinforcement
• Observational Learning:
Bobo Experiment
• Modeling
extremely violent
yes
desensitization
prevent
fake or
wrong
• Memory
• Episodic Memory
• Flashbulb Memories
• Semantic Memory:
• Implicit Memory
skills
procedures
• Encoding
• Translation
stored
• Visual Codes
• Semantic Codes
• Acoustic Codes
• Storage
maintain
• Maintenance Rehearsal:
• Elaborative Rehearsal:
• Organizational systems
• Retrieval:
• Context Dependent
• Tip of the Tongue
• Sensory Memory
• Short Term Memory
• Primacy and Recency
•Long Term Memory:
• Interference
• Decay
• Repression
• Amnesia
• The Case of H.M
•Repetition
Associations
mnemonic