Transcript 5 Behavioral Theories of Learning

Educational Psychology:
Theory and Practice
Chapter 5
Behavioral Theories of Learning
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ISBN: 0-205-31479-1
“You often learn
when you don’t
intend to learn,
and you often
teach when you
don’t intend to
teach”
What is Learning?
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A Change in Behavior as a Result of
Experience
Examples of Learned Behaviors
Non-Examples (Unlearned Behaviors)
Intentional Learning
Unintentional Learning
Behavioral Theories of Learning Emphasize
Observable Behavior
Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned
Stimulus
Unconditioned
Response
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned
Response
Give an Example of Classical
Conditioning in a Classroom
Setting
Can You Identify the
Components in Classical
Conditioning Examples?
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Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Thorndike: The Law of Effect
“…the consequences of one’s present
behavior play a crucial role in determining
one’s future behavior.” (p. 144)
B.F. Skinner
Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Stimulus
Response
Reinforcement
Principles: Reinforcement
A Consequence That Strengthens a Behavior
 Repeat: Reinforcement Strengthens a Behavior
 If the Frequency of a Behavior Increases After
a Consequence, the Consequence is a
Reinforcer
 There Are Several Types of Reinforcers
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Principles: Reinforcers
Primary and Secondary
 Positive and Negative
 Free and Contingent (Premack Principle)
 Intrinsic and Extrinsic
 Continuous and Intermittent (Schedules)
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Principles: Punishment
A Consequence That Weakens a Behavior
 Repeat: Punishment Weakens a Behavior
 If the Frequency of a Behavior Decreases
After a Consequence, the Consequence is a
Punisher
 There Are Several Types of Punishers
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Principles: Punishers
Presentation and Removal
 Time Out
 Effectiveness of Punishment
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Can You Distinguish Between
the Different Types of
Behavioral Consequences?
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Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Principles: Shaping
Reinforcing Approaching Final Behavior
 Breaking Task into Parts
 Using in Classroom
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Principles: Extinction
Behavior That Is Not Reinforced Will
Weaken
 Extinction Burst
 Considerations In Classroom Management
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Social Learning Theory: Bandura
Modeling
 Phases of Observational Learning
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Behavioral Principles in the
Classroom
Avoid Overjustification Effect - Zimbardo
 Guidelines on the use of Rewards - Deci
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 Give
Rewards to Inform
 Rewards Should Not Be Used to Manipulate
 Reward for Academic Performance
 Reward Incentives Should Be Inconspicuous
 Bribes Weaken Intrinsic Motivation