Transcript Applied Behavior Modification

Applied Behavior Modification
Mgr. Dana Fajmonová
Mgr. Michal Osuský
Basic Information
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Time: Monday 18:30 – 19:50
Room: J2080 (Jinonice building)
Credits: ??? SUSO
Materials, information: dl.cuni.cz
Contact: [email protected],
[email protected]
• Consultations: via email, on request
• Language: English (take it as a challenge)
Course requirements
• 3 assignments:
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field observation
behavioral change of your own behavior
behavioral change of somebody else´s behavior
Progressive deadlines
 middle of course – min. 1 assignment
▫ App: 600 words
• Final test – basic terms and application
• Voucher – 1 wikipedia article
Why did we decide to teach this
course?
• It’s applied!
▫ Strong connection between science and everyday
life
• Strong impact
▫ Knowledge that gives you tools for influencing
yourself, your environment
• High explanatory value
▫ Basic behavioral patterns are everywhere around
us – you will see!
Objectives of the course
• After you finish the course, you will:
▫ Understand the basic terms related to behavior
and its modification
▫ Be more sensitive in observing, understanding and
interpreting behavior
▫ Be able to apply the tools of BM, e.i. change your
or others’ behavior
Ethical considerations
• Is this stuff ethical? Discussion.
• Yes, if:
▫ No manipulation (influencing other behavior
without his awareness and for the manipulators
benefit)
▫ Changes of others behavior should be for their
personal good sake.
▫ Encourage the person whose behavior is to be
changed to participate in the design of the
intervention
Building up your knowledge and skills
Complex techniques
Techniques used for changing behavior –
reinforcement, shaping, punishment, etc.
Applied behavior analysis
Theories of learning
Behaviorism - assumptions
Complex techniques
• Self-management
▫ Task management tools, coaching techniques,
self-development, changing habits, avoiding
clinical symptoms
• Interaction (groups)
▫ changing interactions in relationships, family
• Systems
▫ performance management, organizational
behavior management, token economies
Behavior analysis
• The science of behavior change
• The study of functional relations between
behavior and environmental events.
• Does not study internal, drives, motives,
unconscious conflicts
• Studies behavior and events in person´s
surroundings that precede and follow behavior
and their effect.
Applied behavior analysis
• Science of applying experimentally derived
principles of behavior to improve socially significant
behavior.
• ABA takes what we know about behavior and uses it
to bring about positive change (Applied).
• Behaviors are defined in observable and measurable
terms in order to assess change over time
(Behavior).
• The behavior is analyzed within the environment to
determine what factors are influencing the behavior
(Analysis).
What is behavior?
• Anything a person does that can be observed.
RESPONDENT
reflexive behavior,
influenced by events
that precede it
OPERANT
influenced by events
that follow a
behavior
COVERT - observed
only by person
performing it –
feelings, thinking
OVERT
observed by others
Problematic Behavior
• Examples of behavioral problems?
• What would be the solution?
• Is there a pattern?
• What you want to change on yourself?
• What you want to change on somebody else?
ABC Model
Antecedents
Behavior
Consequences
Behaviorism
• Philosophy of psychology based on the
proposition that all things that organisms do —
including acting, thinking and feeling — can and
should be regarded as behaviors.
• Behaviors as such can be described scientifically
without recourse either to internal physiological
events or to hypothetical constructs such as the
mind.
Intermezzo
• Joke about (radical)behaviorists:
2 behaviorists make love.
One of them says: “That was fine for you. How was
it for me?”
Basic assumptions
• Behavior is lawful: no random phenomenon, it
has order and sense.
• Explaining behavior consists of identifying
functional relations between behavior and
physical events.
• Thoughts and feelings do not explain behavior
but they are part of behavior to be explained.
Main researchers
• Pavlov – classical conditioning (wasn´t officially
behaviorist) - dogs (around 1900)
• John Watson - official founder of behaviorism,
coined the term behaviorism in 1912 Manifesto
• Thorndike – Law of effect - cats
• Skinner – operant conditioning – rats, pigeons
What is Watson famous for
• Little Albert
• 12 infants quote
„Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my
own specified world to bring them up in and I'll
guarantee to take any one at random and train him to
become any type of specialist I might select – doctor,
lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man
and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants,
tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.
I am going beyond my facts and I admit it, but so have
the advocates of the contrary and they have been doing
it for many thousands of years“. [Behaviorism (1930), p.
82]
What’s next
• Behavioral assessment / methods
Two main theories of learning
Classical
conditioning
(Pavlov)
Operant
conditioning
(Skinner)