Transcript Ivan Pavlov and Albert Bandura - UHS-CD3

Ivan Pavlov
and
Albert Bandura
By: Kristin Jones and Tatiana Pabon
Ivan Pavlov
Born September 14th, 1849
Died on February 27th, 1936
Received a medical degree at age 33
Father of Classical conditioning,
also known as Pavlonian
conditioning
• His studies on the digestive system
won him the Nobel prize in 1904
• Pavlov’s work set the foundation for
John B. Watson, and his idea of
behaviorism
• Used theories of associative learning
and behaviorism to create his own
theory of Classical Conditioning
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Albert Bandura
• Born December 4th, 1925
• Received his bachelor’s
degree in psychology in 1949
• Considered the “pioneering
researcher” of observational
learning
• Currently is still a professor
at Stanford university
• Known for his “Bobo Doll”
psychology studies
• Used theory of behaviorism:
which focuses on variables
we can observe, measure,
and manipulate
Classical Conditioning
• Founded by Ivan Pavlov
• Classical Conditioning: a type of learning
in which an organism comes to associate
stimuli
• A neutral stimulus signals an unconditioned
stimulus and begins to produce a response
that prepares for the unconditioned
stimulus
Unconditioned Vs. Conditioned
• Unconditioned stimulus:
a stimulus that is
unlearned and triggers a
response
• Unconditioned response:
the unlearned response to
the UCS
• Conditioned Stimulus: an
originally neutral stimulus
that, after association with
an UCS, triggers a CR
• Conditioned Response:
the learned response to a
previously neutral
conditioned stimulus
Neutral Stimulus: A stimulus which initially produces no specific response.
Pavlov’s Meat Experiment
• Pavlov presented meat
powder (UCS) to a dog
attached with salivation
tubes in its mouth, the
saliva was the UCR
• Then sounded a tone (NS)
and got no response
• After repetition of the tone,
then meat powder, the dog
was conditioned to salivate
at the sound of the bell
• Then discovered extinction,
spontaneous recovery,
generalization and
discrimination
Bandura’s Bobo Experiment
• Placed a preschooler in a
room with an adult stranger
• The preschooler was given
crayons and paper, while
the adult was given tinker
toys
• After 10 minutes, the adult
is told to get up and hit,
kick, and scream at the
bobo doll in the corner of
the room
• Then boy is taken out of
room, shown cool toys, but
told “You’re not allowed to
play with these”
• They then placed the
frustrated preschooler back
into the room with the bobo
doll
Results of Bobo Experiment
• After preschooler watched the adult kick and hit
the bobo doll, he aggressively imitated him
• This is due to children’s tendency to model adults
Similarities and Differences
• Both Pavlov and
Bandura’s studies
focus on
observational
learning: learning
by observing
others
• Also focuses on
associative
learning: learning
that certain events
can occur together
• They differ by
Bandura’s interest in
mirror neurons and
modeling in
specifically childrens
behavior
• While Pavlov focused
on the occurrence of
stimuli and shaping
behavior in animals
specifically, but then
used his findings to
relate to everything
else
Bibliography
• Myers, David G. "Module 20." Psychology. 7th ed.
New York [u.a.: Worth, 2007. 304+. Print.
• MLA style: "Ivan Pavlov - Biography".
Nobelprize.org. 29 Mar 2011
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laurea
tes/1904/pavlov-bio.html
• Boeree, George C. "Albert Bandura." My
Webspace Files. 2006. Web. 29 Mar. 2011.
<http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html>.