Transcript OPERANT CONDITIONING

OPERANT CONDITIONING
Learning the consequences of
Behavior
LEARNING ISN’T JUST
ASSOCIATING
A
STIMULUS TO A
RESPONSE THAT IS
PAIRED
LEARNING ALSO OCCURS
WHEN….

WE FINALLY FIGURE OUT
CONSEQUENCES
EITHER BY PRODUCING
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES
OR
AVOIDING NEGATIVE ONES.
CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
ILLUSTRATES
S  R LEARNING
OPERANT
CONDITIONING
ILLUSTRATES RS
LEARNING
IT IS THROUGH….
OPERANT
CONDITIONING
THAT VOLUNTARY
ACTIONS ARE LEARNED
SOMETHING HAPPENS
(THE RESPONSE)
There
is a consequence
Depending on the
consequences
maybe yes, maybe no
RESPONSE
KIDS
NEVER
COME
BACK
Reinforcers
Positive
Negative
Outcome of Conditioning

Increase Behavior
Positive
Reinforcement

Decrease Behavior
Response Cost
(remove stimulus)
Add stimulus
Negative
Reinforcement
remove stimulus
Punishment
(add stimulus))
Punishment
In psychology, punishment is the reduction of
a behavior via application of an adverse
stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal
of a pleasant stimulus ("negative
punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are
examples of positive punishment, while
making an offending student lose recess or
play privileges are examples of negative
punishment.
…..continued
 The
definition requires that punishment
is only determined after the fact by the
reduction in behavior; if the offending
behavior of the subject does not
decrease then it is not considered
punishment.
Schedule of Consequences

Fixed interval -- the
first correct
response after a set
amount of time has
passed is reinforced
(i.e., a consequence
is delivered). The
time period required
is always the same.

Variable interval -- the
first correct response
after a set amount of
time has passed is
reinforced. After the
reinforcement, a new
time period (shorter or
longer) is set with the
average equaling a
specific number over a
sum total of trials.

Fixed ratio -- a
reinforcer is given
after a specified
number of correct
responses. This
schedule is best
for learning a new
behavior
Variable ratio -- a
reinforcer is given
after a set number of
correct responses.
After reinforcement
the number of correct
responses necessary
for reinforcement
changes. This
schedule is best for
maintaining behavior.
TEST YOURSELF…
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF:
FR SCHEDULE
VR SCHEDULE
FI SCHEDULE
VI SCHEDULE
PREMACK
PRINCIPLE
The Grandma
Rule
Behavioral Preferences

Can become reinforcers….

Pick 10 things you’d like to do

“Top of the list items” can be most
powerful and will be a reinforcer for
something that you really hate to do.
Shaping
Primary
Reinforcer
Secondary Reinforcers
Learned
helplessness
Latent learning
Latent learning
THE END
ANY
QUESTIONS?