Transcript OPERANT CONDITIONING

OPERANT
CONDITIONING
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Responses become more or less likely
to occur depending on the
____________________________
EDWARD THORNDIKE’S
LAW OF EFFECT
Responses which are
accompanied or closely
followed by satisfaction to the
animal will, other things being
equal, be…more likely to recur;
those which are accompanied or
closely followed b discomfort
to the animal will, other things
being equal,…be less likely to
occur. (Thorndike, 1911)
OPERANT CONDITIONING
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Cat in the box
Food outside the box
Cat must activate a rope pulley to open
the box
Each time, the
cat got out a
little faster
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2 Essential Elements to Operant
Conditioning
1) OPERANT RESPONSE: the method
of how one reacts to a situation
2) CONSEQUENCE:
► Follows a behavior –
increases or decreases
the behavior
Best if used: Immediately
REINFORCERS
_______________
the likelihood of
the behavior
PUNISHERS
_______________
the likelihood of
the behavior
IMPORTANT!!!
REINFORCER
Used to
STAMP
IN
a behavior!!!
PUNISHER
Used to
STAMP
OUT
a behavior!!!
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Reinforcement = _________________
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Can be either
POSITIVE
or
NEGATIVE
WARNING!!!
Do NOT think of them as GOOD and BAD
ADDING
SUBTRACTING
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
______________ something _________
to encourage a behavior
EXAMPLE:
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
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QUICKLY…
Turn to your neighbor and
brainstorm 2 other examples of
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT!
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
______________ something _________
to encourage a behavior
EXAMPLE:
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
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QUICKLY…
Turn to your neighbor and
brainstorm 2 other examples of
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT!
POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
___________________
A BEHAVIOR!!!
______________ something _________
OR
______________ something _________
PUNISHMENT
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QUICKLY…
Turn to your neighbor and
brainstorm 2 other examples of
PUNISHMENT!
One for adding something bad,
another for removing something
good
PUNISHMENT
PUNISHMENT ALWAYS
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A BEHAVIOR!!!
EFFECTIVE PUNISHMENT IS:
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___________: should occur
IMMEDIATELY!
___________: effective but not cruel
___________: consistent punishment
for consistent deviant
behavior.
PUNISHMENT DRAWBACKS:
“The 4 R’s of Punishment”
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1) RESENTMENT: “This is unfair…I don’t
trust authority”
2) REVENGE: “They are winning now,
but I’ll get even!”
3) REBELLION: “I’ll do the opposite just
to prove I don’t have to do it your way”
4) RETREAT: Sneakiness – “I won’t get
caught next time!”
Low Self-Esteem – “I’m a bad
person”