Transcript ch_ 1-2 guided reading keyx

Ch. 1 & 2 Guided Reading
KEY
Section 1 – Converging Cultures
Ch. 1 – Section 1
1.
CIVILIZATION:
• Highly organized society
marked by:
▫ advanced knowledge of
trade
▫ government
▫ the arts
▫ science
▫ written language.
2.
JAMESTOWN
• First lasting colony in Virginia
▫ Funded by: Joint-stock
company (next slide)
Ch. 1 – Section 1
3.
JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
• Funded Jamestown
• A group of private investors
who pooled their money to
support big projects.
4.
PROPRIETARY COLONY
• A colony owned by an
individual who could govern it
any way he wanted by:
▫ appointing government
officials
▫ coining money
▫ imposing taxes
▫ raising an army
5.
How did the types of settlements
influence the way each was
governed?
• Settlements of religious people were governed
largely by those associated with the church.
• Less religious settlements were governed using
the principle of separation of church & state,
either by land owners or by governing council.
CH. 1 – Section 1
6.
TRIANGULAR TRADE
• Trade among the colonies:
▫ England
▫ Caribbean sugar planters
Africa
7.
SLAVE CODES
• Laws that kept African
captives from:
▫ owning property
▫ receiving an education
▫ moving about freely or
▫ meeting in large groups
8.
Use the map below and label
based on the Thirteen Colonies:
Section 2 – Dissent and Independence
9. MERCANTILISM
• Set of ideas about the world economy.
• Mercantilists believed that to become wealthy
and powerful, a country had to accumulate gold
and silver by selling more goods than it bought.
10. How did the Enlightenment and
the Great Awakening affect the
established order?
• It split churches into various Factions. It also
reinforced the concept of individualism.
▫ Enlightenment – period of time where
philosophers believed that both the physical world
& human nature operated in an orderly way
according to natural laws.
▫ Great Awakening – movement during the 1700s
that stressed dependence on God.
11. Describe the French and Indian
war in one sentence.
• The French and British Faught over the Ohio
River Valley, after the war extended to Europe,
the British triumphed ending with the Treaty of
Paris.
12.
THE INTOLERABLE ACTS
Name
Year
Description
Stamp Act
1765
Townshend
Acts
1767
Required stamps to be bought and placed on most printed
material.
Direct Tax
Repealed in 1766
Put a customs duty on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
Gave customs officers right to arrest
Led to Boston Massacre
Tea Act
1773
Coercive
Acts
1774
Created Favorable Business terms for struggling British
East India Company.
Led to Boston Tea Party
Punished Massachusetts and other colonies from
challenging British Authority
13. Why did the colonies declare
independence?
• Laws and taxes imposed on the colonies were
enacted without representation.
14. Use the map and label below
based on the Revolutionary War:
15.
YORKTOWN
• Where the last major battle of the Revolutionary
War was Fought.
Section 3 – The Constitution
17. Compare and contrast the Great
Compromise with the Three-Fifths
Compromise
• Great Compromise stated that Congress would
be divided into two houses.
▫ The house gives representation based on
population and the senate would have equal
representation.
• The Three-Fifths Compromise stated that every
five enslaved people in state would count as
three free persons.
18.
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
• Government subject to the will of the people or
rule by the people.
• Before the Civil War, the idea that people living
in a territory had the right to decide by voting if
slavery would be allowed there.
19.
FEDERALISM
• Political system in which power is divided
between the national and state governments.
20. How much of the legislature is
needed to override a veto?
• Two-thirds
21.
RATIFICATION
• Formal approval
• To change the constitution, states must ratify or
pass it with 9 of the 13 states.
22. Use the graphic below to define
both FEDERALIST and
ANTIFEDERALIST.
VERSUS
• Constitution would
create a federal system
• Large landowners
• Impose taxes on foreign
goods
• Concerned that Federal
government would be
too strong.
Section 1 – The New Republic
23.
BILL OF RIGHTS
• First 10 amendments to the Constitution
24. What is the different between
enumerated and implied powers?
• Enumerated powers are specifically mentioned
in the Constitution
• Implied powers are not specifically mentioned in
the Constitution but necessary for the
government.
25.
CANDIDATE NAME
ELECTION OF 1800
CANDIDATE
IMPORTANT ISSUES
PARTY
RAISED
John Adams
Federalist
Alien & Sedition Acts were
not popular
Thomas Jefferson
DemocratRepublican
Tied with Aaron Burr
revealed a flawed system
Aaron Burr
DemocratRepublican
House decided to make
Jefferson President & Burr
Vice President
WINNER: Jefferson
26.
JUDICIAL REVIEW
• Power of the Supreme Court to determine
whether laws of Congress are constitutional and
to strike down those that are not.
27. Why is the Supreme Court decision
Marbury v. Madison important?
• It established the Court’s right to judicial review,
the power to decide the constitutionality of laws
28. How did the decisions of the
Marshall Court strengthen the
federal government?
• The Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution
broadly to support federal power
29. How did the Industrial Revolution
change American society?
• The North became a manufacturing center,
transportation revolution, growth of cities and
immigration, increased demand for slave labor,
increasing sectional divisions.
30.
NATIVISM
• A preference for native-born people and a desire
to limit immigration.
31.
LABOR UNIONS
• An organization of workers formed for the
purpose of advancing its members’ interests.
Section 2 – Growing Division and Reform
32. What issue did the Missouri
Compromise solve and which states
was added to the union?
• It temporarily settled the dispute over the
westward expansion of slavery.
▫ Maine was added as a free state
▫ Missouri was added as a slave state.
33.
SPOILS SYSTEM
• Practice of handing out government jobs to
supporters; replacing government employees
with the winning candidate’s supporters.
34. What caused the nullification
crisis?
• The imposition of tariffs that hurt an already
struggling South Carolina economy.
Ch. 2-2
35.
TRAIL OF TEARS
• President Jackson sent an
army to Georgia to forcibly
move the Cherokee.
• Roughly 2000 Cherokee died
in camps and on a westward
journey about 2000 more
died.
• This became known as Trail of
Tears
36.
WHIGS
• A political party that wanted to
expand the federal
government, encourage
industrial and commercial
development and create a
centralized economy.
37.
TEMPERANCE
• Moderation in or abstinence from alcohol.
38. Write two sentences about the
Women’s Movement using the words:
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
and Seneca Falls Convention
• Student responses…
39. How did Northerners’ views on
abolition differ from those of
Southerners?
• In the North, there was some support, some
opposition and some indifference. Abolition was
widely opposed in the South.
▫ Abolition  immediate end to slavery
Section 3 – Manifest Destiny and Crisis
Ch. 2-3
40.
MANIFEST DESTINY
• Idea popular in the United
States during the 1800s that
the country must expand its
boundaries to the Pacific
Ocean.
41.
ANNEXATION
• Incorporating a territory
within the domain of a
country.
42. Which states were admitted to the
union under the presidency of
James K. Polk?
• Texas and Oregon
43. Describe the war with Mexico and
include the terms: bear Flag
Republic, General Winfield Scott,
Mexico City and the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo.
• War with Mexico began with the statehood of
Texas.
• Polk sent Taylor to Texas hoping Mexico would
attack first.
▫ After they did, there was an uprising in California
and we named the region the Bear Flag Republic.
▫ Then, General Winfield Scott seized Mexico City
forcing the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
44.
SECESSIONS
• Withdrawal from the Union.
45. How are the Fugitive Slave Act,
the Underground Railroad and
Harriet Tubman related?
• The Fugitive Slave Act allowed the capture of
Blacks without allowing them to testify on their
own behalf.
• This gave rise to Civil Disobedience and the
Underground Railroad.
• Harriet Tubman -
46. Draw a picture of the
transcontinental railroad.
47. What was the main goal of the
newly formed Republican Party?
• Stop Southern Planters from becoming an
aristocracy (high social class) that controlled the
government.
48.
CONFEDERACY
• Nation declared to have been formed by the
southern states that seceded from the Union in
1860-1861
49. Why was Jefferson Davis
significant?
• He was the president of the Confederacy.
Section 4 – The Civil War
50. Why did the call for military
volunteers lead more states to
secede?
• Many people in these states were not willing to
take up arms against fellow southerners.
51.
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
NORTH
SOUTH
The Union had a weak Robert E. Lee and an
Army, but powerful
advanced Army.
Navy.
Industry gave an
important economic
advantage.
Had Farming, but very
little industry
Well organized
government with
President Abraham
Lincoln.
A loose government with
Jefferson Davis as
President
52. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
• A decree given by Abe Lincoln freeing all
enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after
January 1, 1863.
53. Why do you think African
Americans were willing to
volunteer to fight in the Civil War?
• Student responses…
54.
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
• A speech given by President Lincoln to dedicate
the Gettysburg Cemetery. He reminded everyone
that all men are created equal.
55. On their respective pictures, write
descriptions of each General.
• Gave Sherman Charge of • Southern
the West
• General
• Took control of the
• Loses Civil War –
troops
couldn’t control vast
• Northern
Army
56.
THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
• Banned slavery in the United States
57. Why was Appomattox Courthouse
significant?
• It is where Lee surrendered to Grant
Section 5 - Reconstruction
58.
RECONSTRUCTION
• The reorganization and rebuilding of the former
Confederate states after the Civil War.
59. What was the Wade-Davis bill?
• Required the majority of the adult white men in
the former Confederacy to take an oath of
allegiance to the Union.
Ch. 2-5
60.
POCKET VETO
• Indirectly vetoing a bill by
letting a session of Congress
expire without signing the bill.
61. FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
• Given the task of freeing and
clothing war refugees in the
South using surplus Army
supplies.
62. Write three characteristics of
President Andrew Johnson. Why
do you think he was so mad all the
time?
• Democrat
• Loyal to Union
• Southern
Ch. 2- 5
63.
BLACK CODES
• Laws passed in the South just
after the Civil War aimed at
controlling freedmen and
enabling plantation owners to
exploit African American
workers.
64.
FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT
• Granted citizenship to all
persons born or naturalized in
the US and declared that no
state could deprive a person of
life, liberty, or property
without due process of law.
65. What are carpetbaggers and
scalawags?
• Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved
South
• Scalawags were Southerners that supported
Reconstruction
66. How and where was the Ku Klux
Klan (KKK) founded?
• Started in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee
67.
COMPROMISE OF 1877
• An agreement that stated that Republicans
agreed to withdraw the remaining federal troops
from the South
68. What type of economy was the
“New South” based upon?
• Strong industry
69.
TENANT FARMERS
• Farmer who works land owned by another and
pays rent either in cash or crops.
70. How would you change this
assignment to help you learn the
material in a more effective way?
• Student responses…