Transcript Kentucky in the Civil War

Kentucky in the Civil War
…stuck in the middle…
Lincoln’s Attitude Toward KY
“I think to lose
Kentucky is
nearly the
same as to lose
the whole
game…”
Prediction Time…
List three
reasons why
Lincoln
thinks KY is
so important.
Background Information
• Kentucky was part of the Virginia colony
• Early pioneers (Walker, Boone, Kenton,
etc) explored KY before the Am. Rev. War
• KY was a premiere destination during the
westward migration over the Appalachian
Mountains after Am. Rev. War
• Many pioneers came from PA (northern
colony), VA, TN, & NC (southern colonies)
Background Information
• Kentucky became 15th state, June 1792
• Kentucky’s legislature passed the
“Kentucky Resolutions” in 1798/1799:
– states’ rights were more important than
the needs of the federal government
– states could withdraw from the USA
• 1810 -1850…Henry Clay was leader of the
Whig Party and the Speaker of the House
KY’s Antebellum Population
• By 1860, Kentucky had:
– 9th largest pop. in the USA (1.1 mil)
– 3rd largest pop. of Southern states
• 914,000 white people
• 226,000 black slaves
• 10,000 free blacks
KY’s Antebellum Economy
• By 1860, Kentucky:
– was #1 producer of hemp and tobacco
– was ranked 7th in the value of farms
– made best whiskey & bourbon in USA
– produced large quantities of corn,
wheat, flax, horses & mules
– was 15th in manufacturing capacity
– linked to the South via OH & MS rivers
Slavery in Kentucky
• 25% of whites owned
slaves
• most slaves lived in
“Bluegrass Region”
• slavery in KY was unlike slavery in the
“deep South”
• KY farms needed fewer slaves than the
cotton plantations
– “excess” slaves were sold to the South
Prediction Time, again…
1. Re-examine your
predictions.
2. Alter your predictions if
you want.
The Election of 1860
Con. Union
Breckinridge
So. Dem
66,000
52,800
S. Douglas
Lincoln
No. Dem.
Republican
40,300
1,350
John Bell
KY’s Political Attitude
• Governor
Magoffin was
pro-slavery &
pro-secessionist
• KY legislature
was pro-slavery
& pro-Union
KY People’s Attitude
• most Kentuckians were pro-slavery &
pro-Union
• most Kentuckians believed Lincoln was
an abolitionist
• most Kentuckians wanted to stay neutral
• most Kentuckians hoped North and South
would find a compromise and avoid war
KY’s Geographic Importance
borders Ohio R.
– controls trade
along river
– meets the
Mississippi R.
at western tip
of KY
KY’s Geographic Importance
• borders three
Northern states:
OH, IN, IL
• borders three
Southern states:
MO, TN, VA
KY’s Geographic Importance
• US Army wanted
to invade the
South by crossing
through KY
• CS Army wanted
to invade the
North by crossing
through KY
KY Contributes to the CW
• 100,000 pro-Union men joined the United
States Army
– 75,000 white men
– 25,000 black men
– 67 KY men were generals in US Army
• 40,000 pro-Secession men joined the
Confederate States Army
– 38 KY men were generals in CS Army
KY contributes to the CW
• Some families sent men to both armies
• KY resources (food, money, supplies, etc.)
were taken by, or given to, both armies
• KY had two governments (one pro-Union,
one pro-Confederate)
• KY had a star on the USA flag and on the
CSA flag
Think, Pair, Share
1. Think: What are the three
most important contributions
KY made to the Civil War?
2. Share: Discuss with your
neighbor the decisions you
have made.
The Civil War in Kentucky
• Both armies wanted to control KY
• Both armies “invaded” KY in 1862
• CSA army came into Northern KY to
determine if it could invade Cincinnati
– discovered the US Army had built forts to
protect Cincinnati (e.g. Ft. Wright, Ft.
Mitchell, and Ft. Thomas)
– retreated back into central KY
The Civil War in Boone Cty.
• Largest battle in Boone County was called
the Skirmish at Snow’s Pond
– South of Florence, near Walton
– 25 September, 1862
– USA Army:
???
• Casualties: at least 50
– CSA Army:
at least 500
• Casualties: ???
1862: Battles in Kentucky
Cincinnati
The Civil War in Kentucky
• Largest battle in KY was the Battle of
Perryville (USA victory as CSA retreated)
– Southwest of Lexington
– 8-9 October, 1862
– USA Army:
55,000
• Casualties: 4,300
– CSA Army:
17,000
• Casualties: 3,400
Drawing an inference…
Based on what you have just
learned, by 1863, who was in
charge of KY…
the USA or the CSA?
CSA “Raids” in Kentucky
• The Confederate Army conducted
“guerrilla” raids in KY to:
– terrorize Northern sympathizers
– encourage Southern sympathizers to
enlist in Confederate Army
– gather supplies for the CS Army
– force the US to station troops in KY
CSA “Raids” in Kentucky
• Confederate Army “guerrilla” raids in KY:
– December 1862 by John Hunt Morgan
– Summer 1863 by John Hunt Morgan
– Spring 1864 by Nathan Bedford Forrest
– June 1864 by John Hunt Morgan
Union Occupation of KY
• US Gen. J. T. Boile was placed in
command of KY (1862-1864)
– Tried to “pacify” the citizens
– Interfered with local elections
• US Gen. St. “the butcher” Berberage was
placed in command of KY (1864-1865)
– Tried to “re-educate” the citizens
– Interfered with election of 1864
– Interfered with trade
After the Civil War
• Pro-Union slave owners became angry at
the North and Lincoln because:
– The US Army treated KY like it was a
“captured” slave state
– abused citizens civil rights
– the Union Army let black men enlist
– the 13th Amendment outlawed slavery
After the Civil War
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
KY’s schools were ruined
KY’s economy was ruined
Money loaned to the CSA was lost
30,000 KY men were dead
90,000 horses were gone
170,000 cattle were gone
Slaves were all set free
After the Civil War
• Returning Union soldiers were not cheered
• Returning Confederate soldiers were
treated like heroes
• KY’s economy was not important to either
the North or the South
• Ex-CSA men were elected to the post-war
legislature
Irony of the Civil War in KY
• Before the war,
KY was pro-Union (north)
• After the war,
KY was pro-Confederate
(south)
Think, Pair, Share
1. Think: What are the three
coolest things you’ve learned
about KY in the Civil War?
2. Share: Discuss with your
neighbor the things you have
learned.
Kentucky in the Civil War
…stuck in the middle…